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Pyry, Warsaw
Pyry is one of the southernmost neighborhoods of the city of Warsaw. Administratively part of the Ursynów district, it was originally a separate village located along '' ulica Puławska'' (Puławy Street), which links Warsaw with the town of Piaseczno. To the east, Pyry borders on the Kabaty Woods. Founded probably in the 14th century as a property of the Służewski family (of the Radwan coat of arms), the village retained much of its rural character until the 1990s, most of its inhabitants being farmers or workers at Warsaw factories. However, since then it has been a reserve of available space for new residential areas, mostly single-family houses for upper-middle-class Varsovians. Before World War II, Pyry was also the seat of the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau, the agency that before the war was the only one in the world to break the German Enigma cipher In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is an Alpha global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Kraków. Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursynów
Ursynów () is the southernmost district of Warsaw. With a surface area of , it is the third largest district in Warsaw, comprising 8.6% of the city. The district has a population of over 150,000, and is one of the fastest-growing neighbourhoods in Warsaw. Nearly 25% of its inhabitants are below 18 years of age. The eastern section of Ursynów is heavily built up with blocks of flats, while its western and southern sections are often referred to as ''Green Ursynów'' due to its lower population density and broad open spaces and green areas. The neighbourhood is considered the ''bedroom of Warsaw'', and is home to nearly a quarter of the city's post-1989 construction. Ursynów's southern extremity comprises Kabaty Forest, covering more than . Other popular attractions include the Vistula river escarpment, Natolin palace and Służewiec horseracing track (built in 1939), used not only for its original purpose, but for open-air exhibitions, pop concerts, etc. Ursynów is served b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puławy
Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,417. Its coat of arms is the Pahonia. Puławy was first mentioned in documents of the 15th century. At that time it was spelled ''Pollavy'', its name probably coming from a Vistula River ford located nearby. The town is a local center of science, industry and tourism, together with nearby Nałęczów and Kazimierz Dolny. Puławy is home to Poland's first permanent museum and is a Vistula River port. The town has two bridges and four rail stations, and serves as a road junction. Nearby Dęblin has a military airport. Location and transport Puławy lies in the western part of Lublin Voivodeship, at the edge of the picturesque Lesser Polish Gorge of the Vistula, and near the easternmost point of the Vistula river. Historically the town bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piaseczno
Piaseczno is a town in east-central Poland with 47,660 inhabitants. It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship, within the Warsaw metropolitan area, just south of Warsaw, approximately south of its center. It is a popular residential area and a suburb of Warsaw that is strongly linked to the capital, both economically and culturally. It is the capital city of Piaseczno County. History Early history The origins of the city date back to a 13th-century village, located on the route between Warsaw and Czersk. Its strategic position meant that the village grew quickly. On 5 November 1429 the town obtained a charter, and soon became a local market. A further charter was confirmed in 1461.E. i W. Bagińscy, Szkice z dziejów Miasta Piaseczna, wyd. OK Piaseczno, 2004, p 5-6. In 1537 the town became Royal property and in the second half of the 16th century reached 1200 inhabitants based round the brewing and transport industries. Piaseczno was a royal town of Poland, administratively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabaty Woods
The Stefan Starzyński Kabaty Woods Nature Reserve ( pl, Rezerwat przyrody Las Kabacki im. Stefana Starzyńskiego) is a woodland park located in southern Warsaw, between two major arteries, Puławska and Łukasz Drewny Streets. Administratively the park belongs to southern Warsaw's Ursynów district. The Kabaty Woods lie on flat ground, except for an east part comprising hills of dune origin. A striking landscape accent is a high escarpment above the glacial valley of the Vistula River, which forms the reserve's eastern border. The Kabaty Woods are a reservoir of fresh air for the surrounding housing developments, as well as a popular place of rest and recreation. The Woods are easily reached via buses and the Warsaw Metro. During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), it was the site of a massacre of 200 Poles, perpetrated by the Germans in December 1939 and January 1940 as part of the genocidal ''Intelligenzaktion'' campaign. Origin of name The Kabaty Woods are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radwan Coat Of Arms
Radwan () is a Polish knights' clan (''ród'') and a Polish coat of arms used by the ''szlachta'' (noble families within the clan). Blazon Gules: a Gonfanon or surmounted by a Maltese Cross of the last. Crest – on a crowned helmet – three ostrich feathers proper.ore_properly_a_"rycerz"_(German_"ritter")active_a_few_decades_earlier.__..."Janusz_Bieniak,_"Knight_Clans_in_Medieval_Poland",_in_Antoni_Gąsiorowski_(ed.)The_Polish_Nobility_in_the_Middle_Ages:_Anthologies_Ossolineum.html" ;"title="ritter").html" ;"title="ritter.html" ;"title="ore properly a "rycerz" (German "ritter">ore properly a "rycerz" (German "ritter")">ritter.html" ;"title="ore properly a "rycerz" (German "ritter">ore properly a "rycerz" (German "ritter")active a few decades earlier. ..."Janusz Bieniak, "Knight Clans in Medieval Poland", in Antoni Gąsiorowski (ed.)The Polish Nobility in the Middle Ages: Anthologies Ossolineum">Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich – Wydawnictwo; Wrocław, POLSKA; 1984, page 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish General Staff
Polish General Staff, formally known as the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces (Polish: ''Sztab Generalny Wojska Polskiego'') is the highest professional body within the Polish Armed Forces. Organizationally, it is an integral part of the Ministry of National Defence and the Chief of the General Staff is the highest ranking military officer at the Ministry. It was created in 1918, and for a time bore the name Main Staff (''Sztab Główny''). Currently the position of Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces (''Szef Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego'') is General Rajmund Andrzejczak, since 2 July 2018. History and structure On 25 October 1918, a decision was made to establish the directorate of the chief of staff of the Polish Army. In 1928 the General Headquarters of the Polish Army was established, known commonly at the time as the Main Staff (''Sztab Główny''). In September 1939, during the Invasion of Poland by the Wehrmacht and the Red Army, all the instit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biuro Szyfrów
The Cipher Bureau, in Polish: ''Biuro Szyfrów'' (), was the interwar Polish General Staff's Second Department's unit charged with SIGINT and both cryptography (the ''use'' of ciphers and codes) and cryptanalysis (the ''study'' of ciphers and codes, for the purpose of "breaking" them). The precursor of the agency that would become the Cipher Bureau was created in May 1919, during the Polish-Soviet War (1919–21), and played a vital role in securing Poland's survival and victory in that war. In mid-1931, the Cipher Bureau was formed by the merger of pre-existing agencies. In December 1932, the Bureau began breaking Germany's Enigma ciphers. Over the next seven years, Polish cryptologists overcame the growing structural and operating complexities of the plugboard-equipped Enigma. The Bureau also broke Soviet cryptography. Five weeks before the outbreak of World War II, on 25 July 1939, in Warsaw, the Polish Cipher Bureau revealed its Enigma-decryption techniques and equipmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
