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Pupilla Bigranata
''Pupilla bigranata'' is a nomen dubium that was used for some forms of the land snails ''Pupilla triplicata'' and ''Pupilla muscorum'' (Pupillidae), but none of these forms represent a separate species, therefore such species as ''Pupilla bigranata'' does not exist.Balashov I., Neiber M., Bogon K., Hausdorf B. 2019On the identity of "''Pupilla bigranata''" populations from Germany and Ukraine (Gastropoda: Pupillidae) ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde''. 148 (1): 1—7. Considering that in the original Rossmässler's description the type locality was not indicated and that type specimens are not preserved, it is not possible to determine whether ''Pupa bigranata'' Rossmässler, 1839 is synonym of ''Pupilla triplicata'' or ''Pupilla muscorum ''Pupilla muscorum'', commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families'. Malacologia, 61(1-2): 1-526. of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier). Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts. Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous period up to the present day. Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). ''Základy zoopaleontologie''. Olomouc, 264 pp., . 2005 taxonomy According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupilloidea
Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder '' Pupilloidei'' . Taxonomy This superfamily contains the following families: * Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 * Agardhiellidae Harl & Páll-Gergely, 2017 * Amastridae Pilsbry, 1910 * Argnidae Hudec, 1965 * Cerastidae Wenz, 1923 * Cochlicopidae Pilsbry, 1900 (1879) * Draparnaudiidae Solem, 1962 * Enidae B. B. Woodward, 1903 (1880) * Fauxulidae Harl & Páll-Gergely, 2017 * Gastrocoptidae Pilsbry, 1918 * Lauriidae Steenberg, 1925 * Odontocycladidae Hausdorf, 1996 * Orculidae Pilsbry, 1918 * Pagodulinidae Pilsbry, 1924 * Partulidae Pilsbry, 1900 * Pleurodiscidae Wenz, 1923 * Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831 * Pyramidulidae Kennard & B. B. Woodward, 1914 * Spelaeoconchidae A. J. Wagner, 1928 * Spelaeodiscidae Steenberg, 1925 * Strobilopsidae Wenz, 1915 * Valloniidae Morse, 1864 * Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupillidae
Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426389 on 2021-07-25 This family has two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).: Pupillinae W. Turton, 1831 and Pupoidinae Iredale, 1940. Distribution ''Pupoides marginatus'' is endemic to Cuba. The type genus, ''Pupilla'', in direct contrast, has numerous living and extinct species found in Europe, Northern Africa, North America and South-East Asia. Anatomy In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupilla
''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae. -MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426395 on 2022-03-05 Shells of ''Pupilla'' species are known from terrestrial Cenozoic strata dating back to the Oligocene until the Holocene period. Distribution This genus occurs in Eurasia, northern Africa and North America."Genus summary for ''Pupilla''" . Last modified 02-09-2006, accessed 30 July 2010. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emil Adolf Rossmässler
Emil Adolf Rossmässler (''Emil Adolf Roßmäßler'', ''Emil Adolph Roßmäßler'') (March 3, 1806 in Leipzig – April 8, 1867 in Leipzig) was a German biologist. With Otto Eduard Vincenz Ule and Karl Johann August Müller, he was co-founder of the journal ''Die Natur'' in 1852 and 1859 the sole editor of the journal ''Aus der Heimath''.Andreas Daum, "Emil Adolf Roβmäβler", ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'', ed. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vol. 22, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2005, 95–96. Rossmässler was a pioneer and the leading advocate of popularizing science in nineteenth-century Germany. He also belonged to the early writers on the building and maintaining of freshwater aquariums. Publications * 1832: ''Systematische Übersicht des Tierreiches'' * 1835–1839: ''Iconographie der Land- und Süßwassermollusken'' (3 volumes) - (Iconography of land Mollusca and freshwater Mollusca) ** 1835–1837: ''Iconographie der Land- und Süßwasser-Mollusken, mit vorzüglic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomen Dubium
In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a specimen belongs to that group or not. This may happen if the original type series (i. e. holotype, isotype, syntype or paratype) is lost or destroyed. The zoological and botanical codes allow for a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen in this case. A name may also be considered a ''nomen dubium'' if its name-bearing type is fragmentary or lacking important diagnostic features (this is often the case for species known only as fossils). To preserve stability of names, the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' allows a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen for a ''nomen dubium'' in this case. 75.5. Replacement of unidentifiable name-bearing type by a neotype. When an author considers that the taxonomic identity of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabitats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupilla Triplicata
''Pupilla triplicata'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. Distribution The distribution of this species is central-European and southern-European Lisický M. J. (1991)''Mollusca Slovenska'' he Slovak molluscs VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 344 pp. and includes southern Europe from the Pyrenees to the Alps, the Carpathians, Crimea, northern Turkey, Transcaucasia and central Asia to Lake Baikal. The species occurs in a number of countries including: * Lower concern in Switzerland * Endangered in Germany, extinct in Rheinland-Pfalz * Vulnerable in Austria * Czech Republic * Slovakia * Poland * UkraineBalashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. (2012). "An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine". ''Journal of Conchology'' 41(1): 91-109. ''Pupilla triplicata'' has a scattered distribution, and populations in lower altitudes are threatened by habit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pupilla Muscorum
''Pupilla muscorum'', commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ... gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. Taxonomy A variety ''Pupilla muscorum'' var. ''pratensis'' Clessin, 1871 considered as ecophenotype of ''Pupilla muscorum'' was elevated to its species level ''Pupilla pratensis'' in 2009.von Proschwitz T., Schander C. , Jueg U. & Thorkildsen S. (2009). "Morphology, ecology and DNA-barcoding distinguish ''Pupilla pratensis'' (Clessin, 1871) from ''Pupilla muscorum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pulmonata: Pupillidae)". ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' 75(4): 315–322. . Description The gastropod shell, shell is usually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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