Pupillidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of mostly minute, air-breathing,

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s or

micromollusk A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...

s in the superfamily

Pupilloidea Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the infraorder '' Pupilloidei'' . Taxonomy This superfamily contains the following families: * Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873 * Agard ...

. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426389 on 2021-07-25 This family has two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).: Pupillinae W. Turton, 1831 and Pupoidinae Iredale, 1940.

Distribution

Pupoides marginatus ''Pupoides albilabris'' is a species of gastropod belonging to the family Pupillidae Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloide ...

'' is endemic to

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

. The type genus, ''

Pupilla ''Pupilla'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae. -MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Pupilla J. Fleming, 1828. Ac ...

'', in direct contrast, has numerous living and extinct species found in Europe, Northern Africa, North America and South-East Asia.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively ...

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...

s lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1–146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Genera

Genera within the family Pupillidae include: * † '' Albertanella'' Russell, 1931 ; Subfamily Pupillinae W. Turton, 1831 * ''

Gibbulinopsis ''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Pupillidae. The species of this genus are found in Asia, Africa, Australia. Species: *'' Gibbulinopsis cryptodon'' *''Gibbulinopsis fontana ''Gibbulinopsis'' is a genus of ga ...

'' Germain, 1919 * ''

Microstele ''Microstele'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Pupillinae of the family Pupillidae Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land sna ...

'' O. Boettger, 1886 * '' Omegapilla'' Iredale, 1937 * ''

'' Fleming, 1828 - type genus of the family Pupillidae ; Subfamily Pupoidinae Iredale, 1940 * '' Corena'' A. Adams, 1870 * '' Glyptopupoides'' Pilsbry, 1926 * ''

Pupoides ''Pupoides'' is a genus of land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Pupillidae.

'' Pfeiffer, 1854"Mollusca"
. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011. * ''

Pupoidopsis ''Pupoidopsis'' is a genus of very small or minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pupillidae. Species Species within the genus ''Pupoidopsis'' include: * ''Pupoidopsis hawa ...

'' Pilsbry & Cooke, 1920 ;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Australbinula'' Pilsbry, 1916: synonym of ''

Gastrocopta ''Gastrocopta'' is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Gastrocoptidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: Worl ...

'' Wollaston, 1878 (junior synonym) * ''Famarinia'' Iredale, 1933: synonym of '' Glyptopupoides'' Pilsbry, 1926 (invalid: nomen nudum) * ''Gyrodaria'' Iredale, 1940: synonym of ''

'' Wollaston, 1878 * ''Leucochila'' E. von Martens, 1860: synonym of ''

Pupoides ''Pupoides'' is a genus of land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Pupillidae.

'' L. Pfeiffer, 1854 * ''Leucochiloides'' L. Pfeiffer, 1879: synonym of ''

Pupoides ''Pupoides'' is a genus of land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Pupillidae.

'' L. Pfeiffer, 1854 * ''Papualbinula'' Iredale, 1941: synonym of ''Australbinula'' Pilsbry, 1916: synonym of ''

'' Wollaston, 1878 * † ''Paracoryna'' Flach, 1890: synonym of ''

'' J. Fleming, 1828 (junior synonym) * ''Pupa'' Draparnaud, 1801: synonym of ''Pupilla'' J. Fleming, 1828 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Pupa'' Röding, 1798) * ''

Sterkia ''Sterkia'' is a genus of minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks which were formerly classified in the family Pupillidae now in the family Vertiginidae instead. Species Species within the genus ''Sterki ...

'' Pilsbry, 1898''Sterkia clementina''.

NatureServe NatureServe, Inc. is a non-profit organization based in Arlington County, Virginia, US, that provides proprietary wildlife conservation-related data, tools, and services to private and government clients, partner organizations, and the public. Nat ...

Explorer, accessed 1 August 2010. / or in

Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. Distribution The distribution of the Vertiginidae is in the ...

: synonym of ''

Vertigo Vertigo is a condition where a person has the sensation of movement or of surrounding objects moving when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. This may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties w ...

'' O. F. Müller, 1773 * ''Themapupa'' Iredale, 1930: synonym of ''

Pupoides ''Pupoides'' is a genus of land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Pupillidae.

'' L. Pfeiffer, 1854 * ''Torquatella'' Held, 1838: synonym of ''

'' J. Fleming, 1828 * ''Wallivertilla'' Iredale, 1937: synonym of ''

Cylindrovertilla ''Cylindrovertilla'' is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing lan ...

'' O. Boettger, 1881 (junior synonym)

References

External links

*
Bieler, R. & Slapcinsky, J. (2000). A case study for the development of an island fauna: Recent terrestrial mollusks of Bermuda. Nemouria. 44: 1-99
{{Taxonbar, from=Q908092 Taxa named by William Turton