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Punctelia Perreticulata
''Punctelia perreticulata'' is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Mediterranean Europe and Russia, North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand, where it grows on rocks, bark, or wood. Its main distinguishing features are its thallus surface, marked with many shallow depressions, grooves, or pits, and sorediate pseudocyphellae. The lower side of the thallus is ivory to tan towards the centre and the major secondary metabolite in the medulla is lecanoric acid. A lookalike species with which it has been historically confused is ''Punctelia subrudecta''; this lichen can be distinguished from ''Punctelia perreticulata'' by the texture of the thallus surface, or, more reliably, by the length of its conidia (asexual spores). Taxonomy The lichen was originally described by Finnish lichenologist Veli Räsänen as ''Parmelia duboscqii'' var. ''perreticulata''. The type specimen, found growing on a rock, was collected by C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitch Pine
''Pinus rigida'', the pitch pine, is a small-to-medium-sized pine. It is native to eastern North America, primarily from central Maine south to Georgia and as far west as Kentucky. It is found in environments which other species would find unsuitable for growth, such as acidic, sandy, and low-nutrient soils. Description The pitch pine is irregular in shape, but grows to ). Branches are usually twisted, and it does a poor job at self-pruning. The needles are in fascicles (bundles) of three, about in length, and are stout (over broad) and often slightly twisted. The cones are long and oval, with prickles on the scales. Trunks are usually straight with a slight curve, covered in large, thick, irregular plates of bark. Pitch pine has an exceptionally high regenerative ability; if the main trunk is cut or damaged by fire, it can re-sprout using epicormic shoots. This is one of its many adaptations to fire, which also include a thick bark to protect the sensitive cambium layer from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camillo Sbarbaro
Camillo is an Italian masculine given name, descended from Latin Camillus. Its Slavic cognate is Kamil Kamil is a name used in a number of languages. Kamil () is a Polish, Czech, and Slovak given name, equivalent to the Italian Camillo, Spanish/Portuguese Camilo and French Camille. It is derived from Camillus, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pruina
Pruinescence , or pruinosity, is a "frosted" or dusty-looking coating on top of a surface. It may also be called a pruina (plural: ''pruinae''), from the Latin word for hoarfrost. The adjectival form is pruinose . Entomology In insects, a "bloom" caused by wax particles on top of an insect's cuticle covers up the underlying coloration, giving a dusty or frosted appearance. The pruinescence is commonly white to pale blue in color but can be gray, pink, purple, or red; these colors may be produced by Tyndall scattering of light. When pale in color, pruinescence often strongly reflects ultraviolet. Pruinescence is found in many species of Odonata, particularly damselflies of the families Lestidae and Coenagrionidae, where it occurs on the wings and body. Among true dragonflies it is most common on male Libellulidae (skimmers). In the common whitetail and blue dasher dragonflies (''Plathemis lydia'' and ''Pachydiplax longipennis''), males display the pruinescence on the back of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teuvo Ahti
Teuvo ("Ted") Tapio Ahti (born 1934) is a Finnish botanist and lichenologist. He has had a long career at the University of Helsinki that started in 1963, and then following his retirement in 1997, at the Botanical Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History. Known as a specialist of the lichen family Cladoniaceae, Ahti has published more than 280 scientific publications. A ''Festschrift'' was dedicated to him in 1994, and in 2000 he was awarded the prestigious Acharius Medal for lifetime contributions to lichenology. Education and career Ahti started developing an interest in botany at the age of 15, when he worked on a class project involving collecting 100 species of plants. His attention turned to lichens when a classmate who had worked for Veli Räsänen pointed them out during a birdwatching excursion in Helsinki. His interest was further fuelled when a couple of years later, he had to pass a test on identification of forest floor lichens and bryophytes as part of an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal morphology (or anatomy). This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of gross structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Friedrich Burdach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punctelia
''Punctelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which contains about 50 species, was segregated from genus ''Parmelia'' in 1982. Characteristics that define ''Punctelia'' include the presence of hook-like to thread-like conidia (asexual spores), simple rhizines (root-like structures that attach the lichen thallus to its substrate), and point-like pseudocyphellae (tiny pores on the thallus surface that facilitate gas exchange). It is this last feature that is alluded to in the vernacular names speckled shield lichens or speckleback lichens. ''Punctelia'' lichens grow on bark, wood, and rocks. The genus is cosmopolitan, occurring on all continents but Antarctica. Species are found in temperate to subtropical locations. ''Punctelia'' has centres of distribution in the Neotropics and Africa; about half of the known species occur in South America. The photobiont partners of ''Punctelia'' are green algae in the genus ''Trebouxia''. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hildur Krog
Hildur Krog (22 March 1922 – 25 August 2014) was a Norwegian botanist. She was born in Modum. She took the dr.philos. degree in 1968 with a thesis on Alaskan lichens, was hired as a curator at the Botanical Museum of Oslo in 1971 and served as professor at the University of Oslo from 1987 to 1992. For 15 year from 1969 she collaborated with the British amateur lichenologist Dougal Swinscow to study the macrolichen flora of East Africa. They undertook field collections as well as characterisation and revision of the limited existing lichen knowledge of the region, presented in 33 scientific publications and a book ''The Macrolichens of East Africa'', British Museum (Natural History) in 1988. In 1992 Hildur Krog was awarded the Acharius Medal by the International Association for Lichenology She was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. She died in 2014. Several lichen are named in her honour, including ''Krogia'' which a genus of corticolous lichens in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmelia (lichen)
''Parmelia'' is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, It has a global distribution, extending from the ArcticSkult H (1985) A New Subspecies of ''Parmelia omphalodes'' Ascomycetes Described from the Arctic. Annales Botanici Fennici 22, 201-6. to the Antarctic continentD.C. Lindsay (1973) Notes on Antarctic lichens: IV. The genera ''Cetraria'' Hoffm., ''Hypogymnia'' (Nyl.) Nyl., ''Menegazzia'' Massal, ''Parmelia'' Ach. and ''Platismatia'' Culb. et Culb. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 36, 105-114. but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in ''Parmelia''. In recent decades, the once large genus ''Parmelia'' has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness. It is a foliaceous lichen, resembling a leaf in shape. The ends of the leaf-like lobes are often squarish-tipped. The upper surface is pale bluish-gray t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combinatio Nova
''Combinatio nova'', abbreviated ''comb. nov.'' (sometimes ''n. comb.''), is Latin for "new combination". It is used in taxonomic biology literature when a new name is introduced based on a pre-existing name. The term should not to be confused with ', used for a previously unnamed species. There are three situations: * the taxon is moved to a different genus * an infraspecific taxon is moved to a different species * the rank of the taxon is changed. Examples When an earlier named species is assigned to a different genus, the new genus name is combined with of said species, e.g. when ''Calymmatobacterium granulomatis'' was renamed ''Klebsiella granulomatis'', it was referred to as ''Klebsiella granulomatis comb. nov.'' to denote it was a new combination. See also * Glossary of scientific naming * Basionym * List of Latin phrases * Nomenclature code Nomenclature codes or codes of nomenclature are the various rulebooks that govern biological taxonomic nomenclature, each in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Texas
Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by both List of U.S. states and territories by area, area (after Alaska) and List of U.S. states and territories by population, population (after California). Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexico, Mexican States of Mexico, states of Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south and southwest; and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Houston is the List of cities in Texas by population, most populous city in Texas and the List of United States cities by population, fourth-largest in the U.S., while San Antonio is the second most pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
