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Parmelia (lichen)
''Parmelia'' is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, It has a global distribution, extending from the ArcticSkult H (1985) A New Subspecies of ''Parmelia omphalodes'' Ascomycetes Described from the Arctic. Annales Botanici Fennici 22, 201-6. to the Antarctic continentD.C. Lindsay (1973) Notes on Antarctic lichens: IV. The genera ''Cetraria'' Hoffm., ''Hypogymnia'' (Nyl.) Nyl., ''Menegazzia'' Massal, ''Parmelia'' Ach. and ''Platismatia'' Culb. et Culb. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 36, 105-114. but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in ''Parmelia''. In recent decades, the once large genus ''Parmelia'' has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness. It is a foliaceous lichen, resembling a leaf in shape. The ends of the leaf-like lobes are often squarish-tipped. The upper surface is pale bluish-gray t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmelia Saxatilis
''Parmelia saxatilis'', commonly known as the salted shield lichen or crottle, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Several morphologically similar species, formerly lumped together, are now distinguished by their DNA. Taxonomy It was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus with the name ''Lichen saxatilis''. Erik Acharius transferred it to ''Parmelia'' in 1803. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that ''Parmelia saxatilis'' is a member of a species complex–a group of morphologically similar but genetically distinct species. '' P. discordans'', '' P. ernstiae'', '' P. hygrophila'', '' P. imbricaria'', '' P. mayi'', '' P. omphalodes'', '' P. pinnatifida'', '' P. serrana'', '' P. submontana'', '' P. sulymae'', and '' P. rojoi'' are other members of this complex. In the case of the European members of this complex, there is no reliable set of morphological and chemical characteristics that can b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus. It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Galloway, D.J. (1992). Flora of Australia - ''Lichen Glossary'' The medulla generally has a cottony appearance. It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus. References Fungal morphology and anatomy Lichenology {{lichen-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teloschistaceae
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family, estimated to contain over 1800 species, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation or resurrection of 31 genera. It contains three subfamilies: Xanthorioideae, Caloplacoideae, and Teloschistoideae. A fourth subfamily, Brownlielloideae, proposed in 2015, has been shown to be part of the Teloschistoideae. Genera This is a list of the genera contained within the Teloschistaceae, based on a 2020 review and summary of ascomycete classification. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Amundsenia'' – 2 spp. *'' Andina'' - 1 sp. *'' Apatoplaca'' – 1 sp. *'' Aridoplaca'' - 1 sp. *'' Athallia'' – 17 spp. *'' Austroplaca'' – 10 spp. *'' Blastenia'' – 11 spp. *'' Brownliella'' – 4 spp. *'' Bryoplaca'' – 3 spp. *'' Calogaya'' – 19 spp. *'' Calop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physconia
''Physconia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It has about 25 species. The genus was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Josef Poelt in 1965, with ''Physconia pulverulenta'' assigned as the type species. Species *''Physconia californica'' *''Physconia chinensis'' *''Physconia distorta'' *''Physconia enteroxantha'' *''Physconia fallax'' *''Physconia grisea'' *''Physconia jacutica'' *''Physconia labrata'' *''Physconia muscigena'' *''Physconia perisidiosa'' *''Physconia pulverulenta'' *''Physconia rossica'' *''Physconia sikkimensis'' *''Physconia thorstenii ''Physconia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It has about 25 species. The genus was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Josef Poelt in 1965, with ''Physconia pulverulenta'' assigned as the type species. Species * ...'' References Caliciales Lichen genera Caliciales genera Taxa described in 1965 Taxa named by Josef Poelt {{Caliciales-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterodermia
''Heterodermia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 80 species. Description ''Heterodermia'' are subterranean or almost upright leaf lichens with a bearing diameter of up to 10 centimeters. Their top is pale greenish, whitish or pale greyish, many species are ciliolate on the edge. The underside is white, tan or orange with pale or dark rhizines. Distribution The genus ''Heterodermia'' has about 80 species a large area of distribution, especially in the tropics. Species *'' Heterodermia albicans'' *'' Heterodermia antillarum'' *''Heterodermia appalachensis'' *'' Heterodermia archeri'' *'' Heterodermia casarettiana'' *'' Heterodermia chilensis'' *'' Heterodermia ciliatomarginata'' *'' Heterodermia comosa'' *'' Heterodermia crocea'' *'' Heterodermia diademata'' *'' Heterodermia echinata'' *'' Heterodermia erecta'' *'' Heterodermia erinacea'' *'' Heterodermia flabell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physcia
''Physcia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus name means "inflated" or "sausage-like", referring to the form of the type species. According to a 2008 estimate, the widespread genus contains 73 species. Species *'' Physcia adscendens'' – hooded rosette lichen *'' Physcia aipolia'' – hoary rosette lichen *'' Physcia alba'' *'' Physcia albata'' *''Physcia atrostriata'' *'' Physcia austrocaesia'' *''Physcia austrostellaris'' *'' Physcia biziana'' *'' Physcia caesia'' – blue-gray rosette lichen, powder-back lichen *'' Physcia caesiopsis'' *''Physcia cinerea'' *''Physcia clementei'' *''Physcia convexa'' *''Physcia convexella'' *''Physcia crispa'' *''Physcia dakotensis'' *''Physcia decorticata'' *''Physcia dimidiata'' *''Physcia dubia'' *''Physcia erumpens'' *''Physcia halei'' *'' Physcia integrata'' *''Physcia jackii'' *''Physcia krogiae'' *'' Physcia littoralis'' *''Physcia magnussonii'' *''Physcia millegrana'' – mealy rosette lichen *''Physci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physciaceae
The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family. Genera This is a list of the genera contained within the Physciaceae, based on a 2020 review and summary of ascomycete classification. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *''Anaptychia'' – about 15 spp. *'' Coscinocladium'' – 2 spp. *''Heterodermia'' – about 90 spp. *''Hyperphyscia'' – 9 spp. *'' Kashiwadia'' – 1 sp. *''Leucodermia'' – 10 spp. *'' Mischoblastia'' – 3 spp. *'' Mobergia'' – 1 sp. *''Oxnerella'' – 1 spp. *'' Phaeophyscia'' – 66 spp. *''Phaeorrhiza'' – 2 spp. *''Physcia'' – about 80 spp. *'' Physciella'' – 4 spp. *''Physconia'' – about 25 spp. *'' Polyblastidium'' – 18 spp. *''Rinodina'' – about 300 spp *'' Rinodinella'' – 6 spp. *'' Tornabea'' – 1 spp. The ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmeliella
''Parmeliella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pannariaceae The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions. Genera According to a recent (20 .... It occurs mainly in the tropics and sub-tropics, with species found in Africa, Asia, Australasia and South America. A recent (2020) estimate places 41 species in the genus. Species *'' Parmeliella aggregata'' – New Zealand *'' Parmeliella alniphila'' *'' Parmeliella angustiloba'' – Ecuador *'' Parmeliella appalachensis'' *'' Parmeliella asahinae'' *'' Parmeliella clavulifera'' – Mexico *'' Parmeliella coerulescens'' *'' Parmeliella conopleioides'' – Brazil; Venezuela; Costa Rica *'' Parmeliella corallina'' *'' Parmeliella dactylifera'' – South Africa *'' Parmeliella delicata'' – Ecuador *'' Parmeliella diffracta'' *'' Parmeliella ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannaria
''Pannaria'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The widespread genus contains an estimated 51 species, found primarily in tropical regions. Species *''Pannaria aenea'' *'' Pannaria andina'' *'' Pannaria aotearoana'' *'' Pannaria asahinae'' *'' Pannaria athroophylla'' *'' Pannaria byssoidea'' *''Pannaria caesiocinerea'' *''Pannaria caespitosa'' *'' Pannaria calophylla'' *'' Pannaria centrifuga'' *''Pannaria cinerascens'' *''Pannaria complanata'' *''Pannaria conoplea'' *''Pannaria contorta'' *''Pannaria crenulata'' *''Pannaria crustata'' *''Pannaria decipiens'' *''Pannaria delicata'' *''Pannaria dissecta'' *''Pannaria durietzii'' *''Pannaria elatior'' *''Pannaria elegantior'' *'' Pannaria elixii'' *'' Pannaria emodii'' *'' Pannaria euphylla'' *'' Pannaria farinosa'' *'' Pannaria fimbriata'' *''Pannaria flabellata'' *'' Pannaria formosana'' *''Pannaria fulvescens'' *'' Pannaria gallowayi'' *''Pannaria globigera'' *'' Pannar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannariaceae
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions. Genera According to a recent (2020) estimate, the family contains 27 genera and about 360 species. The following list indicates the genus name, the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Atrophysma'' – 1 sp. *'' Austrella'' – 3 spp. *'' Austroparmeliella'' – 5 spp. *''Degelia'' – 16 spp. *'' Erioderma'' – 32 spp. *'' Fuscoderma'' – 5 spp. *''Fuscopannaria'' – 58 spp. *'' Kroswia'' – 4 spp. *'' Gibbosporina'' – 13 spp. *'' Homothecium'' – 4 spp. *'' Joergensenia'' – 1 sp. *'' Leciophysma'' – 2 spp. *'' Leightoniella'' – 1 sp. *'' Leioderma'' – 7 spp. *'' Lepidocollema'' – 22 spp. *'' Leptogidium'' – 3 spp. *''Nebularia'' – 2 spp. *'' Nevesia'' – 1 sp. *''Pannaria'' – ca. 40 spp. *''P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobaria
''Lobaria'' is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss. ''Lobaria'' are unusual in that they have a three-part symbiosis, containing a fungus, and an alga (as other lichens do), but also a cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen. Taxonomy ''Lobaria'' was originally described as a section of the eponymous genus ''Lichen'' by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1786. It was proposed as a genus by Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1796. The establishment of ''Lobaria'' remained uncertain until Edvard Vainio also described it. He divided the genus into two sections based on different morphologies of the mature spore: ''Lobaria'' and ''Ricasolia''. In 2013, the concept of family Lobariaceae was revised with the help of molecular phylogenetics, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peltigeraceae
The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family. Taxonomy The family Peltigeraceae was circumscribed by Belgian botanist Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in 1822. Using a temporal approach that uses time-calibrated chronograms to identify and define temporal bands for comparable ordinal and family ranks in the Lecanoromycetes, the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae were synonymized with Peltigeraceae in 2018. In a later critical review of the use of this method for the biological classification of lichens, Robert Lücking considered this merge justified based on severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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