family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of
lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.order
Peltigerales
Peltigerales is an order of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy of the group has seen numerous changes; it was formerly often treated as a suborder of the order Lecanorales. It con ...
(suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern
temperate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...
regions.
Genera
According to a recent (2020) estimate, the family contains 27 genera and about 360 species. The following list indicates the genus name, the
taxonomic authority
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given ...
Degelia
''Degelia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The genus is named after Swedish lichenologist Gunnar Degelius.
The genus was circumscribed by Lars Arvidsson and David John Galloway in 1981.
Species
*''Degelia calc ...
Fuscopannaria
''Fuscopannaria'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. It has 55 species.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen in 1994, with ''Fuscopannaria leucosticta'' assigned as t ...
Nebularia
''Nebularia'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Cylindromitrinae within the family of Mitridae. This name was originally proposed as a subgenus of the genus ''Mitra''. The type species of this genus i ...
Pannaria
''Pannaria'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The widespread genus contains an estimated 51 species, found primarily in tropical regions.
Species
*'' Pannaria aenea''
*'' Pannaria andina''
*'' Pannaria aotearoana ...
'' – ca. 40 spp.
*''
Parmeliella
''Parmeliella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pannariaceae
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especia ...
Ramalodium
''Ramalodium'' is a lichenized genus of fungi within the Collemataceae
The Collemataceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the order Peltigerales. The family contains ten genera and about 325 species. The family has a widespread distributio ...
'' – 6 spp.
*''
Rockefellera
''Rockefellera'' is a fungal genus in the family Pannariaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species ''Rockefellera crossophylla''. The genus was circumscribed by James Lendemer and Erin Tripp in 2017. The generic name honors th ...