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Pseudocerastes
''Pseudocerastes'' is a genus of vipers endemic to the Middle East and Asia. It was originally created as a monotypic genus in 1896 by Boulenger for the species ''Pseudocerastes persicus'', but three species are now recognised: the spider-tailed horned viper (''P. urarachnoides''); Persian horned viper (''P. persicus'') and Field's horned viper (''P. fieldi''). Like all other vipers, the members of this genus are venomous. ''Pseudocerastes'' are often referred to as false-horned vipers because of the horn-like structures above their eyes that are made up of numerous small scales. This is in contrast to the "true" horned viper, ''Cerastes cerastes'', which has similar supraorbital "horns", each consisting of a single elongated scale. Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . Taxonomy In 2006, Bostanchi, Anderson, Kami and Papenfuss described a new species: ''P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider-tailed Horned Viper
The spider-tailed horned viper (''Pseudocerastes urarachnoides''), also known as the spider-snake, is a species of viper, a venomous snake, in the family Viperidae and genus ''Pseudocerastes''. The genus is commonly known as "false-horned vipers". The species is endemic to western Iran and over the border region with Iraq, and was originally described in 2006. The head looks very similar to that of other ''Pseudocerastes'' species in the region, but the spider-tailed horned viper has a unique tail that has a bulb-like end that is bordered by long drooping scales that give it the appearance of a spider. (''Pseudocerastes urarachnoides'', new species). The tail tip is waved around and used to lure insectivorous birds to within striking range. Etymology The specific name, ''urarachnoides'', is derived from Ancient Greek ( tail + spider + like), and refers to this snake's spider-like tail tip, as does the common name, spider-tailed horned viper. Description Like other vipers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider-tailed Horned Viper
The spider-tailed horned viper (''Pseudocerastes urarachnoides''), also known as the spider-snake, is a species of viper, a venomous snake, in the family Viperidae and genus ''Pseudocerastes''. The genus is commonly known as "false-horned vipers". The species is endemic to western Iran and over the border region with Iraq, and was originally described in 2006. The head looks very similar to that of other ''Pseudocerastes'' species in the region, but the spider-tailed horned viper has a unique tail that has a bulb-like end that is bordered by long drooping scales that give it the appearance of a spider. (''Pseudocerastes urarachnoides'', new species). The tail tip is waved around and used to lure insectivorous birds to within striking range. Etymology The specific name, ''urarachnoides'', is derived from Ancient Greek ( tail + spider + like), and refers to this snake's spider-like tail tip, as does the common name, spider-tailed horned viper. Description Like other vipers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudocerastes Persicus
The Persian horned viper (''Pseudocerastes persicus''), known as the Persian horned viper, false horned viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . and by other common names, is a species of vipers endemic to the Middle East and Asia. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Description Adults average between in total length (body + tail), with a maximum total length of being reported. Females are usually larger than males. These snakes can attain a considerable weight relative to their size, with specimens sometimes exceeding . The head is broad, flat, distinct from the neck and covered with small, imbricate scales. The snout is short and rounded. The nostrils are positioned dorsolaterally and have valves. The nasal scale is unbroken. The rostral scale is small and wide. The eyes are medium in size with vertically elliptical pupils. There are 15-20 interocu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Horned Viper
The Persian horned viper (''Pseudocerastes persicus''), known as the Persian horned viper, false horned viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . and by other common names, is a species of vipers endemic to the Middle East and Asia. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Description Adults average between in total length (body + tail), with a maximum total length of being reported. Females are usually larger than males. These snakes can attain a considerable weight relative to their size, with specimens sometimes exceeding . The head is broad, flat, distinct from the neck and covered with small, imbricate scales. The snout is short and rounded. The nostrils are positioned dorsolaterally and have valves. The nasal scale is unbroken. The rostral scale is small and wide. The eyes are medium in size with vertically elliptical pupils. There are 15-20 interocu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudocerastes Fieldi
Field's horned viperMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. . (''Pseudocerastes fieldi'') is a viper species endemic to the deserts of the Middle East. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. It was previously considered a subspecies of the Persian horned viper. The main differences between this species and the Persian horned viper are in scalation and venom composition. Taxonomy Many sources elevate ''P. fieldi'' to species level. The first phylogenetic study of the genus ''Pseudocerastes'', published by Fathinia et al. in 2014, shows that ''P. fieldi'' has equal genetic distance from both ''P. persicus'' and another species of the same genus, '' P. urarachnoides''. The specific epithet ''fieldi'' is in honor of American anthropologist Henry Field, who collected the holotype. The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and its scientific pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field's Horned Viper
Field's horned viperMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. . (''Pseudocerastes fieldi'') is a viper species endemic to the deserts of the Middle East. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. It was previously considered a subspecies of the Persian horned viper. The main differences between this species and the Persian horned viper are in scalation and venom composition. Taxonomy Many sources elevate ''P. fieldi'' to species level. The first phylogenetic study of the genus ''Pseudocerastes'', published by Fathinia et al. in 2014, shows that ''P. fieldi'' has equal genetic distance from both ''P. persicus'' and another species of the same genus, '' P. urarachnoides''. The specific epithet ''fieldi'' is in honor of American anthropologist Henry Field, who collected the holotype. The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and its scientific pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viperinae
The Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of vipers endemic to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the subfamily Crotalinae. Currently, 13 genera are recognized. Most are tropical and subtropical, although one species, ''Vipera berus'', even occurs within the Arctic Circle. Like all vipers, they are venomous. The common names "pitless vipers", "true vipers", "Old World vipers",Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar. 359 pp. . and "true adders"U.S. Navy. 1991. ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. . all refer to this group. Description Members of this subfamily range in size from ''Bitis schneideri'', which grows to a maximum total length (body and tail) of , to the Gaboon viper, which reaches a maximum total length of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sistrurus
:''Common names: ground rattlesnakes, pygmy rattlesnakes, massasaugas'' Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). . (''Sistrurus'', pp. 1040-1061). ''Sistrurus'' is a genus of venomous pit vipers in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The genus is endemic to Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Its generic name is a Latinized form of the Greek word for "tail rattler" (Σείστρουρος, ''seistrouros'') and shares its root with the ancient Egyptian musical instrument, the sistrum, a type of rattle. Three species are currently recognized. Description ''Sistrurus'' species differ from the larger rattlesnakes of the genus ''Crotalus'' in a number of ways. They are smaller in size, but also their scalation is different: ''Sistrurus'' species have nine large head plates (same as ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Marie Constant Duméril
André Marie Constant Duméril (1 January 1774 – 14 August 1860) was a French zoologist. He was professor of anatomy at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle from 1801 to 1812, when he became professor of herpetology and ichthyology. His son Auguste Duméril was also a zoologist. Life André Marie Constant Duméril was born on 1 January 1774 in Amiens and died on 14 August 1860 in Paris. He became a doctor at a young age, obtaining, at 19 years, the ''prévot'' of anatomy at the medical school of Rouen. In 1800, he left for Paris and collaborated in the drafting of the comparative anatomy lessons of Georges Cuvier. He replaced Cuvier at the Central School of the Panthéon and had, as his colleague, Alexandre Brongniart. In 1801, he gave courses to the medical school of Paris. Under the ''Restauration'', he was elected a member of the Académie des Sciences (French Academy of Sciences) and after 1803 succeeded Lacépède, who was occupied by his political offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to Iraq–Jordan border, the southwest and Syria to Iraq–Syria border, the west. The Capital city, capital and largest city is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Iraqi Turkmen, Turkmens, Assyrian people, Assyrians, Armenians in Iraq, Armenians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, Iranians in Iraq, Persians and Shabaks, Shabakis with similarly diverse Geography of Iraq, geography and Wildlife of Iraq, wildlife. The vast majority of the country's 44 million residents are Muslims – the notable other faiths are Christianity in Iraq, Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Yarsanism and Zoroastrianism. The official langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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