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Progressive Writers' Movement
The Progressive Writers' Association or the Progressive Writers' Movement of India or ''Anjuman Tarraqi Pasand Mussanafin-e-Hind'' (( ur, ) or ''Akhil Bhartiya Pragatishil Lekhak Sangh'' (Hindi: अखिल भारतीय प्रगतिशील लेखक संघ) was a progressive literary movement in pre-partition British India. Some branches of this writers' group existed around the world besides in India and Pakistan.Historical facts about the Progressive Writers Association listed on The Open University (UK) website Retrieved 9 May 2018 These groups were |
Hindi
Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been described as a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas of North India. Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of the two official languages of the Government of India, along with English. It is an official language in nine states and three union territories and an additional official language in three other states. Hindi is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India. Hindi is the '' lingua franca'' of the Hindi Belt. It is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi). Outside India, several ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi ( ur, ) born Ahmad Shah Awan ( ur, ) (20 November 1916 - 10 July 2006) was an Urdu language Pakistani poet, journalist, literary critic, dramatist and short story author. He wrote 50 books on topics such as poetry, fiction, criticism, journalism and art, and was a major figure in contemporary Urdu literature. His poetry was distinguished by its humanism, and his Urdu ''afsana'' (short story) work is considered by some second only to Munshi Prem Chand in its depiction of rural culture. He was also editor and publisher of the literary magazine '' Funoon'' for almost half a century. He received awards such as the Pride of Performance in 1968 and Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 1980 for his literary work. Gulzar, one of the most influential writers in modern India, called him his mentor and guru. Personal life Background Qasmi was born on November 20, 1916, in the village of Anga in Khushab District, British India, into an Awan Jatt family. He graduated from a high schoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denmark Street
Denmark Street is a street on the edge of London's West End running from Charing Cross Road to St Giles High Street. It is near St Giles in the Fields Church and Tottenham Court Road station. The street was developed in the late 17th century and named after Prince George of Denmark. Since the 1950s it has been associated with British popular music, first via publishers and later by recording studios and music shops. A blue plaque was unveiled in 2014 commemorating the street's importance to the music industry. The street was originally residential, but became used for commercial purposes in the 19th century. At first, metalwork was a popular trade but it became most famous as Britain's "Tin Pan Alley" housing numerous music publishers' offices. This market declined in the 1960s to be replaced by music shops and independent recording studios. The Rolling Stones recorded at Regent Sound Studio at No. 4 and popular musicians, including David Bowie and the Small Faces, often so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ralph Winston Fox
Ralph Winston Fox (30 March 1900 – 28 December 1936) was a British revolutionary, journalist, novelist, and historian, best remembered as a biographer of Lenin and Genghis Khan. Fox was one of the best-known members of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) to be killed in Spain fighting against the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. Biography Early years Fox was born 30 March 1900 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England to a middle-class family.Samuel Sillen, "The Man Who Was Ralph Fox," ''The New Masses,'' vol. 54, no. 2 (9 January 1945), pp. 22–24. He knew James Crowther in his youth and helped stimulate Crowther's interest in marxism. Fox studied modern languages at Oxford University's Magdalen College, where he was drafted into Oxford University Officers’ Training Corps.Graham Stevenson, "Communist Biographies: Ralph Fox," Grahamstevenson.me.uk Although commissioned as a lieutenant, the war ended before Fox was sent to the front lines of World War I. During his time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hajra Begum
Hajrah Begum (1910-2003) was an Indian politician, a leader of the Communist Party of India and the former General Secretary National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW) from 1954 to 1962 . Hajra Begum was born into a wealthy family in 1910. She grew up in Rampur. Her father was a magistrate in Meerut. Zohra Sehgal was her sister. Hajra Begum was married to her cousin, but soon divorced and returned to her father's house along with her infant son. During this period she became inspired by the Meerut Conspiracy Case, the judicial process against the Indian communist leadership. In 1933 Begum went to Great Britain with her son, to study Montessori teaching course there. During her studies in Britain, she was one of the first Indians to join the Communist Party of Great Britain. She was part of the group of Indian Marxist students. She visited the Soviet Union in 1935. In 1935 Begum returned to India along with K.M. Ashraf, Z.A. Ahmed and Sajjad Zaheer. Upon returning to India, sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pramod Ranjan Sengupta
Pramod Ranjan Sengupta (1907 - 1974) was a Marxist intellectual and Bengali revolutionary, attached with of Indian National Army led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Early life Sengupta was born in British India at Dumka, presently in the state of Jharkhand. His father Harshanath Sengupta was a reputed doctor of Dumka. In 1925 while studying in Krishnagar Government College, at Krishnanagar, Nadia he came in contact with Hemanta Kumar Sarkar, Anantahari Mitra, Mahadev Sarkar and gravitated towards revolutionary politics. Revolutionary activities Sengupta was arrested for his connection with Dakshineswar Bomb Case and was interned in Shibchar village of Faridpur District, presently in Bangladesh. During this period he completed graduation. After his release in 1927, he went to England for higher studies. While studying in London School of Economics, he joined India League and the London Dock workers' trade union. Sengupta went to Germany in 1928 at the invitation of Saumyendranat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulk Raj Anand
Mulk Raj Anand (12 December 1905 – 28 September 2004) was an Indian writer in English, recognised for his depiction of the lives of the poorer castes in traditional Indian society. One of the pioneers of Indo-Anglian fiction, he, together with R. K. Narayan, Ahmad Ali and Raja Rao, was one of the first India-based writers in English to gain an International readership. Anand is admired for his novels and short stories, which have acquired the status of classics of modern Indian English literature; they are noted for their perceptive insight into the lives of the oppressed and for their analysis of impoverishment, exploitation and misfortune. He became known for his protest novel '' Untouchable'' (1935), followed by other works on the Indian poor such as ''Coolie'' (1936) and ''Two Leaves and a Bud'' (1937). He is also noted for being among the first writers to incorporate Punjabi and Hindustani idioms into English, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Leader (Allahabad Newspaper)
''The Leader'' (24 October 1909 – 6 September 1967) was one of the most influential English-language newspapers in India during British Raj. Founded by Madan Mohan Malviya, the paper was published in Allahabad. Under C. Y. Chintamani, a dynamic editor from 1909 to 1934, it acquired a large readership in North India. His clash with Motilal Nehru over issue of his freedom as editor, meant that Motilal left within a year, thereafter between 1927 and 1936, Chintamani was not only the Chief Editor of the newspaper, but also the leader of the opposition in the U. P. Legislative Council. Indian National Congress leader, Moti Lal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Leader, and the paper remained politically charged through its existence, many of Mahatma Gandhi's writings were also published in it, and it is repository of important writing of that generation. Archives The Duke University Library System has newspaper copies from 1963 to 6 September 1967 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashid Jahan
Rashid Jahan (25 August 1905 – 29 July 1952) was an Indian writer and medical doctor known for her Urdu literature and trenchant social commentaries. She wrote short stories and plays and contributed to ''Angarey'' (1932), a collection of unconventional short stories written in collaboration with Sajjad Zaheer, Ahmed Ali, and Mahmuduz Zafar. During her lifetime, Jahan was an active member of the Progressive Writers' Movement and the Indian People's Theatre Association. Jahan has been called one of the first ever feminists and was a leading Indian Communist. These two schools of thought animated Jahan's life and literary output. Biography Early life Rashid Jahan was born on 25 August 1905 in Aligarh. She was the eldest of seven children born to Sheikh Abdullah and his wife Begum Wahid Jahan. Her father was a leading pioneer of women's English-based education in India and established the Women's College, Aligarh at the Aligarh Muslim University. Sheikh Abdullah also ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angarey
Angarey or Angaaray (translated alternatively as "Embers" or "Burning Coals") is a collection of nine short stories and a one act play in Urdu by Sajjad Zaheer, Rashid Jahan, Mahmud-uz-Zafar and Ahmed Ali first published in 1932 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the Progressive Writers' Movement in Indian literature. The release of the book was marked by protests and it was subsequently banned by the government of the United Provinces a few months after publication. Content The volume consists of nine short stories and a one-act play. * ''Garmiyon ki Ek Raat'' (A Summer Night) - Sajjad Zaheer * ''Dulari'' - Sajjad Zaheer * ''Jannat ki Basharat'' (Heaven Assured!) - Sajjad Zaheer * ''Neend Nahin Aati'' (Insomnia) Sajjad Zaheer * ''Phir Yeh Hungama'' (The Same Uproar, Once Again) - Sajjad Zaheer * ''Dilli ki Sair'' (A Trip to Delhi) - Rashid Jahan * ''Jawanmardi'' (Masculinity) - Mahmud-uz-Zafar ''Jawanmardi'' was originally written by Mahmud-us-Zaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
