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Hajra Begum
Hajrah Begum (1910-2003) was an Indian politician, a leader of the Communist Party of India and the former General Secretary National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW) from 1954 to 1962 . Hajra Begum was born into a wealthy family in 1910. She grew up in Rampur. Her father was a magistrate in Meerut. Zohra Sehgal was her sister. Hajra Begum was married to her cousin, but soon divorced and returned to her father's house along with her infant son. During this period she became inspired by the Meerut Conspiracy Case, the judicial process against the Indian communist leadership. In 1933 Begum went to Great Britain with her son, to study Montessori teaching course there. During her studies in Britain, she was one of the first Indians to join the Communist Party of Great Britain. She was part of the group of Indian Marxist students. She visited the Soviet Union in 1935. In 1935 Begum returned to India along with K.M. Ashraf, Z.A. Ahmed and Sajjad Zaheer. Upon returning to India, sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Federation Of Indian Women
The National Federation of Indian Women is a women's organisation in India, the women's wing of the Communist Party of India. It was established in 1954 June 4 by several leaders from Mahila Atma Raksha Samiti including Aruna Asaf Ali.Overstreet, Gene D., and Marshall Windmiller. Communism in India'. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959. p. 402 Annie Raja is the current General Secretary and Aruna Roy is the current president of NFIW. History The first Congress of the NFIW (Calcutta, June 4, 1954) was held against the backdrop of the Cold War and military pacts, lending a certain poignancy to its declaration of “unshakeable opposition to large scale armaments, weapons of mass destruction such as hydrogen bomb, atom bomb and bacteriological weapons.” Inspired by a vision of women across the globe uniting against imperialism, poverty and disease, leading figures such as Vidya Munshi, Ela Reid, Hajrah Begum, Anna Mascarene, Renu Chakravartty, Tara Reddy, Shanta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professional Revolutionary
Leninism is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establishment of communism. The function of the Leninist vanguard party is to provide the working classes with the political consciousness (education and organisation) and revolutionary leadership necessary to depose capitalism in the Russian Empire (1721–1917). Leninist revolutionary leadership is based upon ''The Communist Manifesto'' (1848), identifying the communist party as "the most advanced and resolute section of the working class parties of every country; that section which pushes forward all others." As the vanguard party, the Bolsheviks viewed history through the theoretical framework of dialectical materialism, which sanctioned political commitment to the successful overthrow of capitalism, and then to instituting socialism; and, as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Female Politicians Of The Communist Party Of India
Female (symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces the large non-motile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes, unlike isogamy where they are the same size. The exact mechanism of female gamete evolution remains unknown. In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Female characteristics vary between different species with some species having pronounced secondary female sex characteristics, such as the presence of pronounced mammary glands in mammals. In humans, the word ''female'' can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity. Etymology and usage T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of India Politicians From Uttar Pradesh
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist state f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna
en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST = CEST , utc_offset_DST = +2 , blank_name = Vehicle registration , blank_info = W , blank1_name = GDP , blank1_info = € 96.5 billion (2020) , blank2_name = GDP per capita , blank2_info = € 50,400 (2020) , blank_name_sec1 = HDI (2019) , blank_info_sec1 = 0.947 · 1st of 9 , blank3_name = Seats in the Federal Council , blank3_info = , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_info_sec2 = .wien , website = , footnotes = , image_blank_emblem = Wien logo.svg , blank_emblem_size = Vienna ( ; german: Wien ; ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaumi Jang
''Qaumi Jang'' ( ur, قومی جنگ, 'People's War') was an Urdu language weekly newspaper published by the Communist Party of India from Bombay during World War II. It was founded in 1942 as the Urdu edition of ''People's War''. ''Qaumi Jang'' was the central party organ in Urdu. When ''Qaumi Jang'' was launched, a number of Muslim socialist writers moved to Bombay to work at the paper. Sajjad Zaheer, who had recently been released from jail, shifted to Bombay to become the editor of ''Qaumi Jang''. Sibte Hassan was one of the Muslim intellectuals who came to Bombay to work as a ''Qaumi Jang'' staffer, serving as the assistant editor of the paper. Ashraf Ali Khan was a member of the ''Qaumi Jang'' staff. Saadat Hasan Manto was one of the writers for ''Qaumi Jang''. Some of Manto's most notable short stories were published in ''Qaumi Jang'', such as ''Kaali Shalwar'', ''Dhuan'' and ''Bu''. Another Urdu poet, Kaifi Azmi Kaifi Azmi (born Athar Husain Rizvi; 14 January 1919 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All India Women's Conference
The All India Women's Conference (AIWC) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) based in Delhi. It was founded in 1927 by Margaret Cousins in order to improve educational efforts for women and children and has expanded its scope to also tackle other women's rights issues. The organisation is one of the oldest women's groups in India and has branches throughout the country. History The All India Women's Conference (AIWC) was founded in 1927 in Pune in order to promote women and children's education and social welfare. Margaret Cousins had called for the creation of an organisation as early as late 1925 by writing to other women's groups and to friends to come together to discuss education for women. The first meeting held in Poona saw 2,000 attendees who met at the Fergusson College Hall on Poona University. Most of the attendees were observers, but others were women that Cousins had brought together to help create the AIWC. Amrit Kaur was one of the founding members of AIWC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rammanohar Lohia
Ram Manohar Lohia ; (23 March 1910 – 12 October 1967) was an activist in the Indian independence movement and a socialist political leader. During the last phase of British rule in India, he worked with the Congress Radio which was broadcast secretly from various places in Bombay until 1942. Early life Ram Manohar Lohia was born on 23 March 1910 at Akbarpur, modern-day Uttar Pradesh in a Bania family. His mother died in 1912, when he was just two years old, and he was later brought up by his father Hiralal who never remarried.There was a lady who belonged to the Barber community, who brought him up in his early life. She was his family servant. In 1918 he accompanied his father to Bombay where he completed his high school education. He attended the Banaras Hindu University to complete his intermediate and work after standing first in his school's matriculation examinations in 1927. He then joined the Vidyasagar College, under the University of Calcutta and in 1929, earned h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allahabad
Allahabad (), officially known as Prayagraj, also known as Ilahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi (Benares). It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad district—the most populous district in the state and 13th most populous district in India—and the Allahabad division. The city is the judicial capital of Uttar Pradesh with the Allahabad High Court being the highest judicial body in the state. As of 2011, Allahabad is the seventh most populous city in the state, thirteenth in Northern India and thirty-sixth in India, with an estimated population of 1.53 million in the city. In 2011 it was ranked the world's 40th fastest-growing city. Allahabad, in 2016, was also ranked the third most liveable urban agglomeration in the state (after Noida and Lucknow) and sixteenth in the country. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in the city. Allahabad l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Socialist Party
The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress. It was founded in 1934 by Congress members who rejected what they saw as the anti-rational mysticism of Gandhi as well as the sectarian attitude of the Communist Party of India towards the Congress. Influenced by Fabianism as well as Marxism-Leninism, the CSP included advocates of armed struggle or sabotage (such as Yusuf Meherally, Jai Prakash Narayan, and Basawon Singh (Sinha) as well as those who insisted upon ''Ahimsa'' or ''Nonviolent resistance'' (such as Acharya Narendra Deva). The CSP advocated decentralized socialism in which co-operatives, trade unions, independent farmers, and local authorities would hold a substantial share of the economic power. As secularists, they hoped to transcend communal divisions through class solidarity. Some, such as Narendra Deva or Basawon Singh (Sinha), advocated a democratic socialism distinct from both Marxism and reformist social democracy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sajjad Zaheer
Syed Sajjad Zaheer ( ur, ) (5 November 1899 – 13 September 1973) was an Indian Urdu writer, Marxist ideologue and radical revolutionary who worked in both India and Pakistan. In the pre-independence era, he was a member of the Communist Party of India and the Progressive Writers' Movement. Upon independence and partition, he moved to the newly created Pakistan and became a founding member of the Communist Party of Pakistan. Early life and education Zaheer was born in Lucknow in 1905 and was the fourth son of Syed Wazir Hasan, a judge at the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. He got his BA degree from the University of Lucknow in 1924. He then left for New College, Oxford for further studies. In his final year at Oxford he contracted tuberculosis and was sent to a sanatorium in Switzerland. On returning to England, he was influenced by the communist leader Shapurji Saklatvala and joined the Oxford Majlis. He attended the second Congress of the League against Imperialism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renu Chakravartty
Renu Chakravartty (1917-1994) was a leader of Communist Party of India, noted parliamentarian and educationist. Early life Born in a well-off Brahmo family to Sadhan Chandra and Brahmakumari Roy, at Kolkata on 21 October 1917, she was educated at Loreto House and Victoria Institution in Kolkata and Newnham College, Cambridge. After her graduation with honours at Kolkata, she acquired a tripos in English Literature at Cambridge.Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan (Biographical Dictionary) by Anjali Bose, Vol II, 3rd edition 2004, page 309, , (in Bengali) Sishu Sahitya Samsad Pvt. Ltd., 32A Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009 A niece of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, she was inspired to take interest in political affairs by him. In 1938, she came in contact with Rajani Palme Dutt, the notable British communist, and joined the Communist Party of Great Britain. On return to India, the same year, she secured membership of the illegal Communist Party of India and plunged into active l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
