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Procecidochares Atra
''Procecidochares atra'' is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus ''Procecidochares'' of the family Tephritidae. Its galls are most common on ''Solidago altissima, Solidago gigantea, S. gigantea, Solidago rugosa, S. rugosa''.http://bugguide.net/node/view/68596 Bugguide.net Distribution Canada, United States, Mexico. References

Tephritinae Insects described in 1862 Diptera of North America Procecidochares {{tephritinae-stub ...
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Hermann Loew
Friedrich Hermann Loew (19 July 1807 – 21 April 1879) was a German entomologist who specialised in the study of Diptera, an order of insects including flies, mosquitoes, gnats and midges. He described many world species and was the first specialist to work on the Diptera of the United States. Biography Early years Hermann Loew was born in Weissenfels, Saxony a short distance south of Halle (Germany). The Loew family, though not wealthy, was well-placed. Loew's father was a functionary for the Department of Justice of the Duchy of Saxony who later became a ''Geheimer Regierungsrath'' of Prussia. Between 1817 and 1829 Loew attended first the Convent school of Rossleben, then the University of Halle-Wittenberg, graduating in mathematics, philology and natural history. Teacher, tutor and husband Recognizing his abilities as a mathematician, the university, on his graduation, appointed him as a lecturer in the same subjects. In 1830 he went to Berlin and gave lessons in differen ...
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Daniel William Coquillett
Daniel William Coquillett (23 January 1856, Pleasant Valley, Ill. – 7 July 1911 Atlantic City, New Jersey) was an American entomologist who specialised in Diptera. He wrote a revision of the dipterous family Therevidae and many other scientific papers in which he described many new species and genera of Diptera. Coquillett was also the first to attempt fumigation with hydrocyanic acid as a means for controlling citrus scale insects. He experimented in the Wolfskill orange groves where he was supported by the foreman and later quarantine entomologist Alexander Craw Alexander Craw (3 August 1850 – 28 June 1908) was a pioneer American economic entomologist. He was the first American entomologist to work in quarantine protection against foreign pests arriving by ship to San Francisco, California. Along with ... in 1888–89. References External linksArchiveDigitised Coquillett, D. W. ''Report on the locusts of the San Joaquin valley, Cal.'' Anaheim, Calif.Date 1886ArchiveD ...
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Procecidochares
Procecidochares is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. Species *''Procecidochares alani'' Steyskal, 1974 *''Procecidochares anthracina'' ( Doane, 1899) *''Procecidochares atra'' ( Loew, 1862) *'' Procecidochares australis'' Aldrich, 1929 *''Procecidochares blanci'' Goeden & Norrbom, 2001 *'' Procecidochares blantoni'' Hering, 1940 *'' Procecidochares flavipes'' Aldrich, 1929 *'' Procecidochares gibba'' ( Loew, 1873) *''Procecidochares grindeliae'' Aldrich, 1929 *''Procecidochares kristineae'' Goeden, 1997 *''Procecidochares lisae'' Goeden, 1997 *''Procecidochares minuta'' (Snow, 1894) *''Procecidochares montana'' (Snow, 1894) *''Procecidochares pleuralis'' Aldrich, 1929 *''Procecidochares pleuritica'' Hendel, 1914 *''Procecidochares polita'' ( Loew, 1862) *''Procecidochares stonei'' Blanc & Foote, 1961 *''Procecidochares suttoni'' Norrbom, 2010 *''Procecidochares utilis ''Procecidochares utilis'' is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in th ...
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Tephritidae
The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the biological model organisms of the genus ''Drosophila'' (in the family Drosophilidae), which is often called the "common fruit fly". Nearly 5,000 described species of tephritid fruit fly are categorized in almost 500 genera of the Tephritidae. Description, recategorization, and genetic analyses are constantly changing the taxonomy of this family. To distinguish them from the Drosophilidae, the Tephritidae are sometimes called peacock flies, in reference to their elaborate and colorful markings. The name comes from the Greek τεφρος, ''tephros'', meaning "ash grey". They are found in all the biogeographic realms. Description For terms see Morphology of Diptera anTephritidae glossary Tephritids are small to medium-sized (2.5–10 mm) flies that are often colourful, and usually with pictured wings, the subcostal ve ...
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Solidago Altissima
''Solidago altissima'', the tall goldenrod or late goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the family Asteraceae which is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. It is common in much of its range and fairly tolerant of landscapes which have been disturbed by humans. It has become naturalized in many parts of the world. Description ''Solidago altissima'' is in height with fine hairs on the stem. The leaves are located along the stem, not in a rosette near the ground. One plant can produce as many as 1500 small yellow flower heads in a large conical array. The involucres of the main subspecies (''S. a.'' subsp. ''altissima'') are usually 3–4 millimeters, whereas those of ''S. a.'' subsp. ''gilvocanescens'' are usually 2–3 mm. Chromosomes ''Solidago altissima'' has a base number of nine chromosomes . Diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid plants with respective chromosome counts of 18, 36, and 54 have been reported among the two ...
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Solidago Gigantea
''Solidago gigantea'' is a North American plant species in the family Asteraceae. Its common names include tall goldenrod and giant goldenrod, among others. Goldenrod is the state flower of Kentucky, and ''Solidago gigantea'' is the state flower of Nebraska. Description ''Solidago gigantea'' is a perennial herb that reaches heights of up to tall, sometimes spreading by means of underground rhizomes. It often grows in clumps with no leaves at the base but numerous leaves on the stem. At the top, each stem produces a sizable array of many small flower heads, sometimes several hundred. Each head is yellow, containing both disc florets and ray florets. File:Solidago gigantea var serotina.jpg, Detail of inflorescence Habitat ''Solidago gigantea'' is found in a wide variety of natural habitats, although it is restricted to areas with at least seasonally moist soils. Distribution It is a widespread species known from most of non-arctic North America east of the Rocky Mountain ...
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Solidago Rugosa
''Solidago rugosa'', commonly called the wrinkleleaf goldenrod or rough-stemmed goldenrod, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America, where it is widespread across eastern and central Canada (from Newfoundland to Ontario) and the eastern and central United States (Maine west as far as Wisconsin and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas). It is usually found in wet to mesic habitats. Description ''Solidago rugosa'' is a rough-leaved herbaceous perennial up to tall. Its leaves are primarily cauline. One plant can produce as many as 50 stems, each with 50–1500 yellow flower heads. It flowers in late summer through fall. It can be distinguished from the similar-looking '' Solidago ulmifolia'' by the presence of creeping rhizomes, and by its more abrupt leaf bases. File:Solidago rugosa03.jpg, 1913 illustration File:Solidago_rugosa_shed.jpg, Growing in a ruderal habitat File:Bloemen van een Solidago rugosa. 07-10-2021. (d.j.b).jpg, A stal ...
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Procecidochares Atra Galls
Procecidochares is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. Species *''Procecidochares alani'' Steyskal, 1974 *''Procecidochares anthracina'' ( Doane, 1899) *''Procecidochares atra'' ( Loew, 1862) *'' Procecidochares australis'' Aldrich, 1929 *''Procecidochares blanci'' Goeden & Norrbom, 2001 *'' Procecidochares blantoni'' Hering, 1940 *'' Procecidochares flavipes'' Aldrich, 1929 *'' Procecidochares gibba'' ( Loew, 1873) *''Procecidochares grindeliae'' Aldrich, 1929 *''Procecidochares kristineae'' Goeden, 1997 *''Procecidochares lisae'' Goeden, 1997 *''Procecidochares minuta'' (Snow, 1894) *''Procecidochares montana'' (Snow, 1894) *''Procecidochares pleuralis'' Aldrich, 1929 *''Procecidochares pleuritica'' Hendel, 1914 *''Procecidochares polita'' ( Loew, 1862) *''Procecidochares stonei'' Blanc & Foote, 1961 *''Procecidochares suttoni'' Norrbom, 2010 *''Procecidochares utilis ''Procecidochares utilis'' is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in th ...
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Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching , is the world's longest binational land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces an ...
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United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ...
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Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers ,Mexico
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making it the world's 13th-largest country by are ...
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Tephritinae
The Tephritinae are a subfamily of tephritid fruit flies. Systematics The Tephritinae are grouped into 11 tribes: * Acrotaeniini: 99 species, 10 genera: ::'' Acrotaenia'', '' Acrotaeniacantha'', '' Acrotaeniostola'', '' Baryplegma'', '' Caenoriata'', ''Euarestopsis'', ''Neotaracia'', ''Polionota'', '' Pseudopolionota'', '' Tetreuaresta'' and '' Tomoplagia''. * Cecidocharini: 41 species, 8 genera: ::'' Cecidocharella'', '' Cecidochares'', '' Hetschkomyia'', '' Neorhagoletis'', '' Ostracocoelia'', ''Procecidochares'', '' Procecidocharoides'' and ''Pyrgotoides''. * Dithrycini: 103 species, 12 genera: ::'' Dithryca'', '' Aciurina'', '' Eurosta'', ''Valentibulla'', '' Liepana'', ''Oedaspis'', ''Oedoncus'', ''Peronyma'', ''Ptiloedaspis'', ''Xenodorella'', ''Hendrella'' and ''Placaciura''. * Eutretini: 96 species, 16 genera: ::'' Afreutreta'', ''Cosmetothrix'', ''Cryptotreta'', '' Dictyotrypeta'', ''Dracontomyia'', ''Eutreta'' (subgenera ''Eutreta'', '' Metatephritis'' and '' Setosi ...
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