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Praesens
Praesens (from Latin: "present tense") was a Polish avant-garde artist and architect collective active in the years 1926-1930, which was formed following the dissolution of Blok. History The founders of the Praesens group included graduates of the Faculty of Architecture of the Warsaw University of Technology as well as numerous avant-garde visual artists previously associated with Blok. In 1928, Praesens became the Polish branch of the Congrés Internationaux d`Architecture Moderne (CIAM). In architecture, Praesens members had sought to create affordable housing through functional architecture. The ideas espoused by ''Praesens'' members shared many similarities with those of the artists associated with Weimar Bauhaus, the Dutch De Stijl and the Moscow Vkhutemas. Among other projects, architects associated with Praesens contributed to the design of the Warsaw Housing Cooperative in the Rakowiec district which was completed in 1936. Its members included architects Barbara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henryk Stażewski
Henryk Stażewski (pronounced: ; 9 January 1894 – 10 June 1988) was a Polish painter, writer, and visual artist. Stażewski's career spanned seven decades and he is considered a pivotal figure in the history of constructivism and geometric abstraction in Poland. He was one of the few prominent Polish avant-garde artists of the interwar period who had remained active and influential in the second half of the 20th century. Stażewski rose to prominence as a co-founder of ''Blok'', ''Praesens'', and '' a.r. group'', three interwar artist collectives which spearheaded the development of Polish Constructivist art. During the 1920s and 1930s, he traveled extensively and became acquainted with other European avant-garde artists, including Kazimir Malevich, El Lissitzky, Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian, and Albert Gleizes. In 1939, Stażewski's career was hindered by the outbreak of World War II and most of his work was destroyed during the Nazi occupation of Poland. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara Brukalska
Barbara Brukalska (4 December 1899 - 6 March 1980) was a Polish architect, an architectural theorist, a prominent exponent of Functionalism, a member of the Praesens group, and a professor at Warsaw Polytechnic. She was also the wife of architect Stanisław Brukalski. Life Brukalska was born in Brzeźce, Masovian Voivodeship. Her early work was with her husband, Stanisław Brukalski. Like other members of the avant-garde Praesens group (founded in 1926), influenced by Le Corbusier's idea of the "machine for living," they advocated for inexpensive, residential housing that emphasized pure, simple functionality. Brukalska's ideas for the interiors of affordable homes for workers included combining in one room the functions of kitchen and dining room, limiting furnishings to the simplest and most indispensable, and a system of built-in closets, tabletops, sinks and stoves designed to be practical and hygienic. For the kitchen-dining area, she also insisted on white-painted walls, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blok (avant-garde Group)
Blok of Cubists, Suprematists, and Constructivists aka Blok (in Polish: Blok Kubistów, Suprematystów i Konstruktywistów) was a Polish avant-garde artist collective active in the years 1924-1926 and founded by Władysław Strzemiński, Katarzyna Kobro, Henryk Berlewi, Henryk Stażewski and Mieczysław Szczuka, among others. Blok was a precursor to Praesens (1926-1930) and a.r. group (1929-1936), and all three collectives played a critical role in the development of Polish Constructivism. History The Blok group was established following the ''New Art Exhibition'' in Vilnius, which was organized in 1923, and inspired by Russian Constructivism, specifically the activities of artists associated with the Vkhutemas and INKhUK institutes in post-revolutionary Moscow. Similarly to their Russian counterparts, Polish Constructivist artists deployed art as a tool in aiding the formation of new, modern society through functional architecture, poster design, graphic design, typography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Szanajca
Józef Szanajca (17 March 1902 – 24 September 1939) was a Polish architect. Founder and member of PRAESENS group: "The Praesens group played a pioneering role in the development of modern architecture in Poland. From 1927 a link with Le Corbusier was established. Its members participated in all the main meetings".Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture Józef Szanajca is one of the most eminent representatives of the Polish modern architecture, the holder of Malevich's and Bauhaus' ideas. Friend and partner to Bohdan Lachert Bohdan Lachert (13 June 1900 – 8 January 1987) was a Polish architect, member of Praesens group. He designed a lot of buildings with his friend Józef Szanajca, like modern villas ast Saska Kępa (inspired by Le Corbusier's ideas) or Polish pav .... They won together the Grand Prix of Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) for the Polish pavilion. Mobilized to Polish army, he died in combat in Septem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katarzyna Kobro
Katarzyna Kobro (26 January 1898 – 21 February 1951) was a Polish avant-garde sculptor and a prominent representative of the Constructivist movement in Poland. A pioneer of innovative multi-dimensional abstract sculpture, she rejected Aestheticism and advocated for the integration of spatial rhythm and scientific advances into visual art. Born in Moscow to a family of mixed German and Russian heritage, Kobro immigrated to Poland in the 1920s where she produced most of her work. Together with her husband, Władysław Strzemiński, she worked on the concept of Spatiality by incorporating spatial composition as well as prefabricated elements and industrial or man-made products into sculpture. Early life Katarzyna Kobro was born on 26 January, 1898 in Moscow, in what was then the Russian Empire, to a multicultural family. Her father, Nikolai Alexander Michael von Kobro, came from a family of Baltic Germans from present-day Latvia, and her mother, Evgenia Rozanov, was Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helena Syrkus
Helena Syrkus (May 14, 1900 – November 19, 1982) was a Polish architect, urban planner and educator. She was born Helena Eliasberg in Warsaw and studied architecture at the Warsaw Technical Academy from 1918 to 1923. In 1922, she changed her last name to Niemirowska. Syrkus also studied drawing with Roman Kramsztyk and philosophy at the University of Warsaw. She was a co-founder of the avant-garde Praesens group. She was also a member of the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) and served as vice-chairperson from 1945 to 1954. In 1950, she began lecturing on architecture at the Polish Technical Academy. She was an editor of the Athens Charter. She married in 1925. During the 1930s, Syrkus and her husband developed the Na Rakowcu housing project for workers. After World War II, she worked on plans for the reconstruction of the city of Warsaw. With her husband, she worked on the Na Kole estate in Warsaw, which housed 10,000 residents, between 1948 and 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohdan Lachert
Bohdan Lachert (13 June 1900 – 8 January 1987) was a Polish architect, member of Praesens group. He designed a lot of buildings with his friend Józef Szanajca, like modern villas ast Saska Kępa (inspired by Le Corbusier's ideas) or Polish pavilon at EXPO Paris 1937. After World War II he designed part of Muranów (on the ruins of Warsaw Ghetto) and Warsaw cemetery of soldiers of Red Army. Author of Józef Szanajca monument. Winner of SARP Honorary Award The SARP Honorary Award (Polish: ''Honorowa Nagroda SARP'') is one of the two most prominent and significant annual architectural prizes in Poland, and it's awarded by the Association of Polish Architects (SARP) in recognition of the outstandin ... in 1984. Bibliography * 1900 births 1987 deaths 20th-century Polish architects Modernist architects Recipients of the State Award Badge (Poland) {{Poland-architect-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Strzemiński
Władysław Strzemiński (21 November 1893 – 26 December 1952) was a Polish avant-garde painter of international renown. Life and work Strzemiński was born in Minsk to an ethnic Polish family. In 1914, he graduated from the Military School of Civil Engineering. During World War I he served as second lieutenant at the Osowiec Fortress. In 1915 he was severely wounded in the Attack of the Dead Men. In 1920 he married Katarzyna Kobro. In 1922 he moved to Wilno (now Vilnius), and in the following year supported Vytautas Kairiūkštis in creating the first avant-garde art exhibition in what is now the territory of Lithuania (then under Polish rule). In November 1923 he moved to Warsaw, where with Henryk Berlewi he founded the constructivist group Blok. During the 1920s he formulated his theory of Unism (''Unizm'' in Polish). His paintings inspired the musical compositions of the Polish composer Zygmunt Krauze. He is an author of a revolutionary book titled "The theory of vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avant-garde
The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or ' vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical Debate and Poetic Practices' (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), p. 64 . It is frequently characterized by aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability.Kostelanetz, Richard, ''A Dictionary of the Avant-Gardes'', Routledge, May 13, 2013 The avant-garde pushes the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artist Collective
An artist collective is an initiative that is the result of a group of artists working together, usually under their own management, towards shared aims. The aims of an artist collective can include almost anything that is relevant to the needs of the artist; this can range from purchasing bulk materials, sharing equipment, space or materials, to following shared ideologies, aesthetic and political views or even living and working together as an extended family. Sharing of ownership, risk, benefits, and status is implied, as opposed to other, more common business structures with an explicit hierarchy of ownership such as an association or a company. Overview Artist collectives have occurred throughout history, often gathered around central resources, for instance the ancient sculpture workshops at the marble quarries on Milos in Greece and Carrara in Italy. During the French Revolution the Louvre in Paris was occupied as an artist collective. More traditional artist collect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauhaus
The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the Bauhaus (), was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 2009), , pp. 64–66 The school became famous for its approach to design, which attempted to unify individual artistic vision with the principles of mass production and emphasis on function. The Bauhaus was founded by architect Walter Gropius in Weimar. It was grounded in the idea of creating a Gesamtkunstwerk ("comprehensive artwork") in which all the arts would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style later became one of the most influential currents in modern design, modernist architecture, and architectural education. The Bauhaus movement had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography. Staff at the Bauhaus included prominent artists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
