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Ponerine
Ponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including ''Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the functional egg-layers in several species of ponerine ants. In such queenless species, the reproductive status of workers can only be determined through ovarian dissections. Description and identification They are most easily identified from other subfamilies by possessing a single-node petiole with a constriction before the second gastral segment. They are rare examples of stinging ants. In addition to the sting, they can also be characterized by a single segmented petiole and the constriction of the first and second segment of the gaster. They can also be identified by the shape of their head. Female workers have twelve segmented antennae, whereas male workers have 13 segmented antennae. Behavior These ants typically nest in soil, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centromyrmex
''Centromyrmex'' is a pantropical, though mainly Afrotropical, genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. This ponerine ant was recorded for the first time in French Guiana and the most northerly point of recording was in Costa Rica. The specimens reported here were collected in a region of Amazon Forest with flight interception traps. Biology They are predatory on termite Termites are small insects that live in colonies and have distinct castes (eusocial) and feed on wood or other dead plant matter. Termites comprise the infraorder Isoptera, or alternatively the epifamily Termitoidae, within the order Blatto ...s, where a group hunting strategy may be employed, or may prey more generally on invertebrates in the upper soil layer of forests. Little is known about their biology, but workers lack eyes and are well adapted to a subterranean lifestyle by way of burrowing. They also are equipped with short, spiny, and powerful legs. Nest sites are usually found near or even i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponera
''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus is very similar to ''Cryptopone'', ''Hypoponera'' and ''Pachycondyla''. Biology ''Ponera'' nests contain less than 100 workers in protected places on the ground, most often in the soil or in cracks, rotten wood, under bark or moss on rotten logs. Distribution ''Ponera'' is known from the Holarctic, Samoa, New Guinea and Australia. Species *''Ponera alisana'' Terayama, 1986 *''Ponera alpha'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera augusta'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera bableti'' Perrault, 1993 *''Ponera baka'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera bawana'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera bishamon'' Terayama, 1996 *''Ponera borneensis'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera chapmani'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera chiponensis'' Terayama, 1986 *''Ponera clavicornis'' Emery, 1900 *''Ponera coarctata'' (Latreill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectroctena Sp Ants
image:Plectroctena mandibularis, werker, Tweeling, c.jpg, 230px, ''P. mandibularis'' ''Plectroctena'' is an Afrotropical realm, Afrotropical genus of ants, with most species occurring in the rainforest zones of West and Central Africa. Some species are cryptic or subterranean foragers, while others forage in open grassland terrain. The workers forage singly or in groups of 2 to 3. They nest in the earth at varying depths, or in collapsed logs. They prey mainly on millipedes, including their young or eggs. Colony structure A colony of ''Plectroctena lygaria, P. lygaria'' (a small species of the ''mandibularis''-group) may number in excess of 300 adults. An excavated colony in the Ivory Coast consisted of 277 workers, 8 alate queens, and 42 alate males. Consequently 15% of their number was allocated to reproductives at the specific time. The colony size of ''Plectroctena mandibularis, P. mandibularis'' however, seldom exceeds 50 individuals. Nests In a colony of ''Plectroctena lyga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buniapone
''Buniapone'' is a monotypic genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. ''Buniapone amblyops'', the single described species, is found in Southern and Southeast Asia. Etymology The genus name is derived from orang bunian, supernatural forest-living beings in Malay folklore, with the suffix ''-pone'' from the name of subfamily. Taxonomy The genus was established by Schmidt & Shattuck (2014) to house the single species ''Ponera amblyops'' (at the time a junior synonym ''Pachycondyla amblyops''), which was first described by Emery (1887) from worker specimen from the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The type species has a long and complicated taxonomic history, variously belonging to the genera ''Ponera'', ''Trapeziopelta'' (now '' Myopias''), ''Belonopelta'', ''Pachycondyla'', '' Pseudoponera'', '' Euponera'' and ''Pachycondyla''. One subspecies, ''B. amblyops oculatior'' from Indonesia, has been described. Molecular phylogeny by Schmidt (2013) resolved ''Buniapone'' as a sister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachyponera
''Brachyponera'' is genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. Distribution The genus is natively distributed from Africa to southern Asia and Australia, with most species occurring in Southeast Asia. At least two species are invasive in other parts of the world. ''B. chinensis'', the most studied ''Brachyponera'' species, has been introduced as an exotic ant in southeastern United States and New Zealand. The other invasive species, ''B. sennaarensis'', is spreading through the Middle East. Description The genus was first established as a subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ... of '' Euponera'', when Emery (1900) described ''B. croceicornis''. Workers are small to medium in size (3–7 mm) and have triangular mandibles. Queens are similar to workers, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bothroponera
''Bothroponera'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae Ponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including '' Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the .... It is distributed in Africa and Asia. Species *'' Bothroponera cambouei'' Forel, 1891 *'' Bothroponera cariosa'' Emery, 1895 *'' Bothroponera cavernosa'' (Roger, 1860) *'' Bothroponera comorensis'' (André, 1887) *'' Bothroponera crassa'' (Emery, 1877) *'' Bothroponera cribrata'' (Santschi, 1910) *'' Bothroponera fugax'' (Forel, 1907) *'' Bothroponera glabripes'' Emery, 1893 *'' Bothroponera granosa'' (Roger, 1860) *'' Bothroponera henryi'' (Donisthorpe, 1942) *'' Bothroponera kenyensis'' Santschi, 1937 *'' Bothroponera kruegeri'' (Forel, 1910) *'' Bothroponera laevissima'' (Arnold, 1915) *'' Bothroponera lamottei'' Bernard, 1953 *'' Bothroponera masoala'' (Rakotoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boloponera
''Boloponera'' is a genus of small ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. The genus contains the single species ''Boloponera vicans'', known from a single worker specimen collected in leaf litter in the Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th .... It is sometimes referred to as ''Bry's Ant'' after its discoverer, Brian Fisher. Description The worker specimen is small (3.3 mm) and orange in color. It has linear mandibles, with two small teeth. Nothing is known about its biology, but the linear mandibles suggest that the ants are specialized predators. References External links * Endemic fauna of the Central African Republic Ponerinae Monotypic ant genera Hymenoptera of Africa {{Ponerinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belonopelta
''Belonopelta'' is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. The genus contains two species: ''B. deletrix'' is known from Mesoamerica Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area in southern North America and most of Central America. It extends from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica ... and Colombia, while ''B. attenuata'' is only known from Colombia. Members of this genus are rarely collected, and little is known about their habits. Males remain unknown for both species, and queens and larvae have only been described for ''B. deletrix''. Species * '' Belonopelta attenuata'' Mayr, 1870 * '' Belonopelta deletrix'' Mann, 1922 References Ponerinae Ant genera Hymenoptera of North America Hymenoptera of South America {{Ponerinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asphinctopone
''Asphinctopone'' is a small genus of rarely encountered Afrotropical ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. Species * '' Asphinctopone differens'' Bolton & Fisher, 2008 * '' Asphinctopone pilosa'' Hawkes, 2010 * '' Asphinctopone silvestrii'' Santschi, 1914 Habitat and distribution The three recognized species are known from the wet forest zones of West and Central Africa and from the Kilindi Forest Reserve in Tanzania. ''Asphinctopone'' are very rarely encountered; whether this is due to actual rarity of members of the genus, or to a secretive and perhaps deeply subterranean lifestyle, is unknown. Specimens are seldom found and most samples recovered consist of only one or two workers. As a measure of its rarity, a survey of leaf litter in Ghana recorded 43,824 individual ants, of which only 5 (about 0.01%) were ''Asphinctopone''. Despite this rarity, the genus is widespread in wet forest zones in leaf litter, topsoil, pieces of rotten wood and rotting vegetation on the forest floo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anochetus
''Anochetus'' is a genus of small, carnivorous ants found in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world. This genus is present in both the Old and New World and is certainly native to all continents except Antarctica and Europe. In Europe only a single species, ''Anochetus ghilianii'', has been found, and it is not certain it is native to its European range (Province of Cadiz and Gibraltar). However ''A. ghilianii'' is native to Morocco. ''Anochetus'' is of some note due to it being one of the relatively few genera that possess ''trap-jaws'', or specialized long mandibles that have a rapid closing mechanism. However, it is the only other genus, other than ''Odontomachus'' that uses the mandibles for predator evasion as well as prey capture. Species *''Anochetus africanus'' (Mayr, 1865) *''Anochetus agilis'' Emery, 1901 *''Anochetus alae'' Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012 *''Anochetus altisquamis'' Mayr, 1887 *†''Anochetus ambiguus'' De Andrade, 1994 *''Anochetus angolensis'' B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage. At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Stratigraphic definition The Turonian (French: ''Turonien'') was defined by the French paleontologist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857) in 1842. Orbigny named it after the French city of Tours in the region of Touraine (department Indre-et-Loire), which is the original type locality. The base of the Turonian Stage is defined as the place where the ammonite species '' Watinoceras devonense'' first appears in the stratigraphic column. The official reference profile (the GSSP) for the base of the Turonian is located in the Roc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platythyrea
''Platythyrea'' is a genus of predaceous ants in the subfamily Ponerinae and the sole member of the tribe Platythyreini. Distribution The genus has a worldwide distribution, and is found in the tropics and subtropics of the world. Description Workers are small to very large in size (4–20 mm). Gamergates (reproductive female workers) are known from all studied species except one, ''P. conradti'', which have ergatoid queens (wingless reproductive ants, intermediate in form between workers and winged queens). Some species with gamergates also have alate queens, which are similar to the workers but winged. Parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilisation. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a female individual occurs from an unfertilized egg. Automixis is a form of thelytoky, but there are different kinds of automixis. The kind of automix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
