''Ponera'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of ponerine

ant Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of ...

s. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched').

Description

Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus is very similar to ''

Cryptopone ''Cryptopone'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae Ponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including '' Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's lar ...

'', '' Hypoponera'' and '' Pachycondyla''.

Biology

''Ponera'' nests contain less than 100 workers in protected places on the ground, most often in the soil or in cracks, rotten wood, under bark or moss on rotten logs.

Distribution

''Ponera'' is known from the

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands ( Manono and Apolima); ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

and Australia.

Species

*''

Ponera alisana ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus i ...

'' Terayama, 1986 *'' Ponera alpha'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera augusta'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera bableti'' Perrault, 1993 *''

Ponera baka ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera bawana'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera bishamon'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera borneensis'' Taylor, 1967 *''

Ponera chapmani ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Taylor, 1967 *''

Ponera chiponensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Terayama, 1986 *''

Ponera clavicornis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Emery, 1900 *''

Ponera coarctata ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' (Latreille, 1802) *''

Ponera colaensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Mann, 1921 *''

Ponera diodonta ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *†''

Ponera elegantissima ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Meunier, 1923 *''

Ponera elegantula ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wilson, 1957 *''

Ponera exotica ''Ponera exotica'' is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. References Further reading * External links * Ponerinae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1962 {{ant-stub ...

'' Smith, 1962 *''

Ponera guangxiensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Zhou, 2001 *''

Ponera hubeiensis ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Wang & Zhao, 2009 *'' Ponera incerta'' (Wheeler, 1933) *'' Ponera indica'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *'' Ponera japonica'' Wheeler, 1906 *'' Ponera kohmoku'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera leae'' Forel, 1913 *†'' Ponera leptocephala'' Emery, 1891 *†'' Ponera lobulifera'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera loi'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera longlina'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera manni'' Taylor, 1967 *†'' Ponera mayri'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera menglana'' Xu, 2001 *''

Ponera nangongshana ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera norfolkensis'' Wheeler, 1935 *'' Ponera oreas'' (Wheeler, 1933) *''

Ponera paedericera ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus i ...

'' Zhou, 2001 *'' Ponera pennsylvanica'' Buckley, 1866 *'' Ponera pentodontos'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera petila'' Wilson, 1957 *''

Ponera pianmana ''Ponera'' is a genus of Ponerinae, ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but alate, wi ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera rishen'' Terayama, 2009 *'' Ponera ruficornis'' Spinola, 1851 *'' Ponera scabra'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Ponera selenophora'' Emery, 1900 *'' Ponera shennong'' Terayama, 2009 *'' Ponera sikkimensis'' Bharti & Rilta, 2015 *'' Ponera sinensis'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Ponera swezeyi'' (Wheeler, 1933) *'' Ponera syscena'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera sysphinctoides'' Bernard, 1950 *'' Ponera szaboi'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera szentivanyi'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera taipingensis'' Forel, 1913 *'' Ponera taiyangshen'' Terayama, 2009 *'' Ponera takaminei'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera tamon'' Terayama, 1996 *'' Ponera taylori'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *'' Ponera tenuis'' (Emery, 1900) *'' Ponera terayamai'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *'' Ponera testacea'' Emery, 1895 *'' Ponera tudigong'' Pierce, Leong & Guénard, 2019 *†'' Ponera wheeleri'' Dlussky, 2009 *'' Ponera woodwardi'' Taylor, 1967 *'' Ponera wui'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *''

Ponera xantha ''Ponera'' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (') of the Ancient Greek ' (, 'wicked, wretched'). Description Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged. This genus i ...

'' Xu, 2001 *'' Ponera xenagos'' Wilson, 1957 *'' Ponera yuhuang'' Terayama, 2009

References

External links

* Ponerinae Ant genera {{Ponerinae-stub