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Picocyanobacteria
Picocyanobacteria are cyanobacteria that are part of the picoplankton, which is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm. Picocyanobacteria comprise the smallest photoautotrophs. Genera Freshwater picocyanobacteria genera include '' Synechococcus'', '' Cyanobium'', and '' Synechocystis'', and marine picocyanobacteria genera are represented primarily by '' Synechococcus'' and '' Prochlorococcus''. See also * Cyanobacteria * Picoplankton * Picoeukaryote * Picozoa * References External linksHow Ancient Microbes Rode Bug Bits Out to Sea(PBS Eons PBS Digital Studios is a non-profit organization that through which PBS distributes original educational web video content based in Arlington, Virginia. It comprises both original series and partnerships with existing YouTube channels. Most of t ...) Cyanobacteria Biological oceanography Planktology Aquatic ecology {{cyanobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blue-green algae, although they are not usually scientifically classified as algae. They appear to have originated in a freshwater or terrestrial environment. Sericytochromatia, the proposed name of the paraphyletic and most basal group, is the ancestor of both the non-photosynthetic group Melainabacteria and the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, also called Oxyphotobacteria. Cyanobacteria use photosynthetic pigments, such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and various forms of chlorophyll, which absorb energy from light. Unlike heterotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have internal membranes. These are flattened sacs called thylakoids where photosynthesis is performed. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as green plants perform photosynthesis in plast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blue-green algae, although they are not usually scientifically classified as algae. They appear to have originated in a freshwater or terrestrial environment. Sericytochromatia, the proposed name of the paraphyletic and most basal group, is the ancestor of both the non-photosynthetic group Melainabacteria and the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, also called Oxyphotobacteria. Cyanobacteria use photosynthetic pigments, such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and various forms of chlorophyll, which absorb energy from light. Unlike heterotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have internal membranes. These are flattened sacs called thylakoids where photosynthesis is performed. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as green plants perform photosynthesis in plast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prochlorococcus
''Prochlorococcus'' is a genus of very small (0.6 μm) marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation ( chlorophyll ''a2'' and ''b2''). These bacteria belong to the photosynthetic picoplankton and are probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. ''Prochlorococcus'' microbes are among the major primary producers in the ocean, responsible for a large percentage of the photosynthetic production of oxygen.Munn, C. ''Marine Microbiology: ecology and applications Second Ed.'' Garland Science, 2011. Prochlorococcus strains, called ecotypes, have physiological differences enabling them to exploit different ecological niches. Analysis of the genome sequences of ''Prochlorococcus'' strains show that 1,273 genes are common to all strains, and the average genome size is about 2,000 genes. In contrast, eukaryotic algae have over 10,000 genes. Discovery Although there had been several earlier records of very small chlorophyll-''b''-containing cyanobacteria in the ocean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Oceanography
Biological oceanography is the study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system. Biological oceanography may also be referred to as ocean ecology, in which the root word of ecology is ''Oikos'' (oικoσ), meaning ‘house’ or ‘habitat’ in Greek. With that in mind, it is of no surprise then that the main focus of biological oceanography is on the microorganisms within the ocean; looking at how they are affected by their environment and how that affects larger marine creatures and their ecosystem.Lalli, Carol M., and Timothy R. Parsons. "Introduction." Biological Oceanography: An Introduction. First Edition ed. Tarrytown, New York: Pergamon, 1993. 7-21. Print. Biological oceanography is similar to marine biology, but is different because of the perspective used to study the ocean. Biological oceanography takes a bottom-up approach (in terms of the food web), while marine biology studies the ocean from a top-down ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PBS Digital Studios
PBS Digital Studios is a non-profit organization that through which PBS distributes original educational web video content based in Arlington, Virginia. It comprises both original series and partnerships with existing YouTube channels. Most of the series are about science, popular culture, art, food, news, and music. History PBS Digital Studios was founded by Jason Seiken in June 2012.Looking Back On A Year Of PBS Digital Studios July 18, 2013. They had their first viral hit with a "remix" of d vocals from '' Mr. Rogers' Neigh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picozoa
Picozoa, Picobiliphyta, Picobiliphytes, or Biliphytes are protists of a phylum of marine unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes with a size of less than about 3 micrometers. They were formerly treated as eukaryotic algae and the smallest member of photosynthetic picoplankton before it was discovered they don't perform photosynthesis. The first species identified therein is ''Picomonas judraskeda''. They probably belong in the Archaeplastida as sister of the Rhodophyta. They were formerly placed within the cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage. Discovery At the end of the 1990s the European project "Picodiv" clarified which organisms occur in picoplankton. In addition, for a period of two years, samples were taken in the Atlantic, in the Mediterranean, before the coast of Scotland, Alaska and Norway. Picobiliphyta were found particularly within the nutrient-poor ranges from cold coastal seas, where they can constitute up to 50 percent of the biomass. Affinities to other organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picoeukaryote
Picoeukaryotes are picoplanktonic eukaryotic organisms 3.0 µm or less in size. They are distributed throughout the world's marine and freshwater ecosystems and constitute a significant contribution to autotrophic communities. Though the SI prefix pico- might imply an organism smaller than atomic size, the term was likely used to avoid confusion with existing size classifications of plankton. Characteristics Cell structure Picoeukaryotes can be either autotrophic and heterotrophic, and usually contain a minimal number of organelles. For example, ''Ostreococcus tauri'', an autotrophic picoeukaryote belonging to the class Prasinophyceae, contains only the nucleus, one mitochondrion and one chloroplast, tightly packed within a cell membrane. Members of a heterotrophic class, the Bicosoecida, similarly contain only two mitochondria, one food vacuole and a nucleus. Distributions These organisms are found throughout the water columns. Autotrophic picoeukaryotes are restr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picoplankton
Picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm that can be either prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs and heterotrophs: * photosynthetic * heterotrophic They are prevalent amongst microbial plankton communities of both freshwater and marine ecosystems. They have an important role in making up a significant portion of the total biomass of phytoplankton communities. Classification In general, plankton can be categorized on the basis of physiological, taxonomic, or dimensional characteristics. Subsequently, a generic classification of a plankton includes: * Bacterioplankton * Phytoplankton * Zooplankton However, there is a simpler scheme that categorizes plankton based on a logarithmic size scale: * Macroplankton (200–2000 μm) * Micro-plankton (20–200 μm) * Nanoplankton (2–20 μm) This was even further expanded to include picoplankton (0.2-2 μm) and fem-toplankton (0.02-0.2 μm), as well as net plankton, ultraplankton. Now that p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synechocystis
''Synechocystis'' is a genus of unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria in the family Merismopediaceae. It includes a strain, ''Synechocystis'' sp. PCC 6803, which is a well studied model organism. Like all cyanobacteria, ''Synechocystis'' branches on the evolutionary tree from its ancestral root, ''Gloeobacter violaceus''. ''Synechocystis'' is not diazotrophic, and is closely related to another model organism, ''Cyanothece ''Cyanothece'' is a genus of unicellular, diazotrophic, oxygenic photosynthesizing cyanobacteria. Modern organisms and cellular organization In 1976, Jiří Komárek defined the prokaryotic cyanobacteria genus ''Cyanothece'' as distinct from ' ...'' ATCC 51442. It has been suggested that originally ''Synechocystis'' possessed the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but lost the genes required for the process. See also * ''Synechocystis'' run-and-tumble References {{Taxonbar, from=Q7662346 Cyanobacteria genera Synechococcales Bacteria genera< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picoplankton
Picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm that can be either prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs and heterotrophs: * photosynthetic * heterotrophic They are prevalent amongst microbial plankton communities of both freshwater and marine ecosystems. They have an important role in making up a significant portion of the total biomass of phytoplankton communities. Classification In general, plankton can be categorized on the basis of physiological, taxonomic, or dimensional characteristics. Subsequently, a generic classification of a plankton includes: * Bacterioplankton * Phytoplankton * Zooplankton However, there is a simpler scheme that categorizes plankton based on a logarithmic size scale: * Macroplankton (200–2000 μm) * Micro-plankton (20–200 μm) * Nanoplankton (2–20 μm) This was even further expanded to include picoplankton (0.2-2 μm) and fem-toplankton (0.02-0.2 μm), as well as net plankton, ultraplankton. Now that p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synechococcus
''Synechococcus'' (from the Greek ''synechos'', in succession, and the Greek ''kokkos'', granule) is a unicellular cyanobacterium that is very widespread in the marine environment. Its size varies from 0.8 to 1.5 µm. The photosynthetic coccoid cells are preferentially found in well–lit surface waters where it can be very abundant (generally 1,000 to 200,000 cells per ml). Many freshwater species of ''Synechococcus'' have also been described. The genome of ''S. elongatus'' strain PCC7002 has a size of 3,008,047 bp, whereas the oceanic strain WH8102 has a genome of size 2.4 Mbp. Introduction ''Synechococcus'' is one of the most important components of the prokaryotic autotrophic picoplankton in the temperate to tropical oceans. The genus was first described in 1979, and was originally defined to include "small unicellular cyanobacteria with ovoid to cylindrical cells that reproduce by binary traverse fission in a single plane and lack sheaths". This definition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
