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Paul Niculescu-Mizil
Paul Niculescu-Mizil (; 25 November 1923 – 5 December 2008) was a Romanian communist politician. Joining the Romanian Communist Party due to his background and intellectual aspirations, he was prominent in the agitprop department during Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's rule. Under Nicolae Ceaușescu, he went from handling foreign affairs in the late 1960s to holding ministerial posts in the 1970s to a marginal position in the 1980s. After the regime's collapse in 1989, he spent time in prison before emerging as a vocal defender of the system he had served. Biography Propaganda and international affairs Born in Bucharest, Ilarion Țiu"A murit Paul Niculescu-Mizil" ''Jurnalul Național'', 7 December 2008; retrieved 6 April 2012 Niculescu-Mizil was raised in a left-wing milieu, with both his parents being activists of the Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR) and the Socialist Party of Romania (PS). His father, Gheorghe Niculescu-Mizil, was reportedly a shop assistant, trade unionist, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of the Danube River and the Bulgarian border. Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. The city became the capital of Romania in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (mostly Eclectic, but also Neoclassical and Art Nouveau), interbellum ( Bauhaus, Art Deco and Romanian Revival architecture), socialist era, and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of 'Paris of the East' ( ro, Parisul Estului) or 'Little Paris' ( ro, Micul Paris). Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes, and even Nic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 Romanian General Election
General elections were held in Romania between 1 and 3 March 1922. In the first stage between 1 and 3 March, seats in the Senate were elected. In the second stage between 5 and 7 March the Chamber of Deputies was elected, and in the third and final stage from 9 to 11 March, additional Senate seats were elected. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1591 The result was a victory for the governing National Liberal Party, which won 222 of the 372 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 111 of the 148 seats in the Senate. Both houses were combined to form a Constitutional Assembly, which approved the 1923 constitution. Campaign In 34 of the 121 constituencies in Transylvania, candidates ran unopposed and were proclaimed elected without an actual poll, mostly because the National Liberal government refused to register opposition candidates. Overall, the campaign was dominated by the government through what some opposition representative deemed " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Tismăneanu
Vladimir Tismăneanu (; born July 4, 1951) is a Romanian American political scientist, political analyst, sociologist, and professor at the University of Maryland, College Park. A specialist in political systems and comparative politics, he is director of the University of Maryland's Center for the Study of Post-Communist Societies, having served as chairman of the editorial committee (2004–2008) and editor (1998–2004) of the ''East European Politics and Societies'' academic review. Over the years, Tismăneanu has been a contributor to several periodicals, including ''Studia Politica'', ''Journal of Democracy'', ''Sfera Politicii'', ''Revista 22'', ''Evenimentul Zilei'', '' Idei în Dialog'' and ''Cotidianul''. He has also worked with the international radio stations Radio Free Europe and Deutsche Welle, and authored programs for the Romanian Television Company. As of 2009, he is Academic Council Chairman of the Institute for People's Studies, a think tank of the Romanian Demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihail Roller
Mihail Roller (, first name also Mihai, also known as Rolea or Rollea; Mihai Stoian"Mihail Roller între 'nemuritorii' de ieri și de azi" ''România Literară'', 32/1999 6 May 1908 – 21 June 1958) was a Romanian communist activist, historian and propagandist, who held a rigid ideological control over Romanian historiography and culture in the early years of the communist regime. During his training in engineering, he rallied with the communist cells in Romania and abroad, joining the Romanian Communist Party while it was still an underground group. He collaborated with the Agitprop leaders Leonte Răutu and Iosif Chișinevschi, spent time in prison for his communist activity, and ultimately exiled himself to the Soviet Union, where he trained in Marxist historiography. Returning to Romania upon the close of World War II, Roller carried out communist assignments in the field of culture. Under Răutu, he helped draft the official history textbook, monopolizing the historical narr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavel Țugui
Pavel Țugui (1 November 1921 – 20 September 2021) was a Romanian communist activist and literary historian. Born in Vicovu de Jos, Rădăuți County (now part of Suceava County), he graduated from high school in Cernăuți, after which he became a teacher. In 1943–1944 he attended military school, and in the fall of 1944 he fought in World War II on the Transylvanian front. Initially a member of the Ploughmen's Front, Țugui joined in July 1945 the Romanian Communist Party (PCR; later PMR). In 1945 he enrolled in the Law School of the University of Iași, but quit after one semester, and in 1947 went to study at the Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy in Bucharest. Working in the agitation and propaganda section of the Central Committee of the PMR, he advanced between 1955 and 1960 from instructor to head of the literature and arts section to division chief. In the latter capacity, he met many of the writers, artists and scientists of the day, as his office lay at the intersection bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalinism
Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country, collectivization of agriculture, intensification of class conflict, a cult of personality, and subordination of the interests of foreign communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, deemed by Stalinism to be the leading vanguard party of communist revolution at the time. After Stalin's death and the Khrushchev thaw, de-Stalinization began in the 1950s and 1960s, which caused the influence of Stalin’s ideology begin to wane in the USSR. The second wave of de-Stalinization started during Mikhail Gorbachev’s Soviet Glasnost. Stalin's regime forcibly purged society of what it saw as threats to itself and its brand of communism (so-called "enemies of the people"), which included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonte Răutu
Leonte Răutu (until 1945 Lev Nikolayevich (Nicolaievici) Oigenstein; February 28, 1910 – 1993) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian communist activist and propagandist. He was chief ideologist of the Romanian Communist Party ("Workers' Party") during the rule of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, and one of his country's few high-ranking communists to have studied Marxism from the source. His adventurous youth, with two prison terms served for illegal political activity, culminated in his self-exile to the Soviet Union, where he spent the larger part of World War II. Specializing in agitprop and becoming friends with communist militant Ana Pauker, Răutu made his way back to Romania during the communization process of the late 1940s, and became a feared potentate of the Romanian communist regime. As head of the Communist Party's new Agitprop Section, he devised some of the most controversial cultural policies, and managed to survive Pauker's downfall in 1952. As Gheorghiu-Dej's assistant, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology which was the main communist movement throughout the 20th century. Developed by the Bolsheviks, it was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, its satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various countries in the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World during the Cold War, as well as the Communist International after Bolshevisation. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam (all one-party 'socialist republics'), as well as many other communist parties, while the state ideology of North Korea is derived from Marxism–Leninism. Marxist–Leninist states are commonly referred to as "communist states" by Western academics. Marxism–Leninism holds that a two-stage communist revolution is needed to replace capitalism. A vanguard party, organized through " democratic centralism", would seize power on behalf of the proletariat and establish a one-party socialist state, called the dict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy
The Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy (Romanian: ''Academia Ștefan Gheorghiu'', in full: ''Academia de învăţămînt social-politic Ștefan Gheorghiu de pe lîngă CC al PCR'' - approx. ''Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy for Socio-Political Education in Relation to the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party'') was a university created and used by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) for training its cadres for executive and agitprop-related functions.Directory of officials of the Socialist Republic of Romania. United States. Central Intelligence Agency, National Foreign Assessment Center (U.S.), United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence Paula Mihailov Chiciuc"Universitatea PCR" Jurnalul Naţional, 6 September 2006; accessed April 1, 2012 History It was established as ''Universitatea Muncitorească a PCR'' (''PCR Workers' University'') and began functioning on March 21, 1945, in Bucharest, apparently on Ana Pauker's initiative. Its first leaders were re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bucharest Academy Of Economic Studies
The Bucharest University of Economic Studies ( ro, Academia de Studii Economice din București, abbreviated ''ASE'') is a public university in Bucharest, Romania. Founded in 1913 as the ''Academy of Higher-level Commercial and Industrial Studies'' (''Academia de Înalte Studii Comerciale și Industriale'' (AISCI)),Short history of the institution it has become one of the largest economic higher education institutes in both Romania and South-Eastern Europe. The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies is classified as an ''advanced research and education university'' by the . It is one of the five me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Transylvania
Northern Transylvania ( ro, Transilvania de Nord, hu, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. With an area of , the population was largely composed of both ethnic Romanians and Hungarians. In October 1944, Soviet and Romanian forces gained control of the territory, and by March 1945 Northern Transylvania returned to Romanian administration. After the war, this was confirmed by the Paris Peace Treaties of 1947. Background The region has a varied history. It was once the nucleus of the Kingdom of Dacia (82 BC–106 AD). In 106 AD the Roman Empire conquered the territory, systematically exploiting its resources. After the Roman legions withdrew in 271 AD, it was overrun by a succession of various tribes, bringing it under the control of the Carpi, Visigoths, Huns, Gepids, Avars, and Slavs. During the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Michael's Coup
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the title may refer to tribal kingship. Germanic kingship is cognate with Indo-European traditions of tribal rulership (c.f. Indic ''rājan'', Gothic ''reiks'', and Old Irish ''rí'', etc.). *In the context of classical antiquity, king may translate in Latin as '' rex'' and in Greek as ''archon'' or ''basileus''. *In classical European feudalism, the title of ''king'' as the ruler of a ''kingdom'' is understood to be the highest rank in the feudal order, potentially subject, at least nominally, only to an emperor (harking back to the client kings of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire). *In a modern context, the title may refer to the ruler of one of a number of modern monarchies (either absolute or constitutional). The title of ''king'' is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
