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Paradisus Judaeorum
"''Paradisus Judaeorum''" is a Latin phrase which became one of four members of a 19th-century Polish-language proverb that described the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) as "heaven for the nobility, purgatory for townspeople, hell for peasants, paradise for Jews." The proverb's earliest attestation is an anonymous 1606 Latin pasquinade that begins, "''Regnum Polonorum est''" ("The Kingdom of Poland is"). Stanisław Kot surmised that its author may have been a Catholic cleric who criticized what he regarded as defects of the realm; the pasquinade excoriates virtually every group and class of society.hen_the_Zebrzydowski_rebellion_against_the_King_beganwas_scattered_about_during_a_wedding_celebration_that_was_ill-viewed_in_society.") Of_the_two_texts_attributed_to_the_same_anonymous_author,_the_part_that_became_the_proverb_appeared_in_the_"''Regnum_Polonorum_est"''_("The_Kingdom_of_Poland_Is")._Parts_of_the_text_were_quoted_in_Bishop_Stanisław_Zaremba_(bishop_of_Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heaven In Judaism
''Shamayim'' ( he, ''šāmayīm, heavens') is the dwelling place of God and other heavenly beings according to the Bible. It is one of three components of the biblical cosmology. There are two other ones. ''Eretz,'' the earth, home of the living; and ''sheol,'' the common grave, the realm of the deadincluding, according to post Hebrew-Bible literature, the abode of the righteous dead. Etymology The Hebrew word ''shamayim'' is a dual or plural form related to the proto-semitic root "*šamāy-". A reinterpretation constructs it as a compound of a hypothetical ''sham'' ( (loaned from Akkadian ''samu'' meaning "sky" or "lofty"), and ''mayim'' ( meaning "waters". Ambiguity of the Jewish afterlife It is important to note the lack of consensus on the contents, existence, or substance of what is known in English as "heaven" in Judaism. Many hold references to what would be called "heaven" as allegorical, detailing a story or proposition rather than concrete conclusion or absolute. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constance Of Austria
Constance of Austria (german: Konstanza; pl, Konstancja; 24 December 1588 – 10 July 1631) was Queen of Poland as the second wife of King Sigismund III Vasa and the mother of King John II Casimir. Biography Constance was a daughter of Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria. Her paternal grandparents were Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). Anne was the only daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix. Her maternal grandparents were Albert V, Duke of Bavaria and Anne Habsburg of Austria. Constance was also a younger sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Margaret of Austria, Leopold V of Austria and Anna of Austria. Her older sister Anna was the first wife of King Sigismund III Vasa. After her death Constance and Sigismund were married on December 11, 1605. They had seven children: #John Casimir (25 December 1607 – 14 January 1608). # John Casimir (22 March 1609 – 16 Decem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jennifer Speake
Jennifer Speake, ''née'' Drake-Brockman (born 1944, Toronto) is a Canadian-British freelance writer and editor of reference books. Life Jennifer Anne Speake was born in Toronto in 1944. She was the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Guy Percy Lumsden Drake-Brockman and Vera Mary McLeod Harrison Topham, later of Hilton, KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. She has an MA and BPhil. Career Working at Oxford University Press, Speake helped ''OED'' editor John Simpson bring out a second edition of his ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs'', and a third edition in 1998. She became sole editor for the fourth (2003) and subsequent editions. Speake's other work included a biography of Thomas Vaughan, a philosopher from Wales. Speake's three-volume 2003 encyclopedia of travel literature received a 2004 Reference and User Services Association award. One reviewer called it "an amazing collection of those people, famous, not-so-famous, and infamous alike, who have traveled the world over, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovaks
The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 million are ethnic Slovaks of 5.4 million total population. There are Slovak minorities in many neighboring countries including Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine and sizeable populations of immigrants and their descendants in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States among others, which are collectively referred to as the Slovak diaspora. Name The name ''Slovak'' is derived from ''*Slověninъ'', plural ''*Slověně'', the old name of the Slavs (Proglas, around 863). The original stem has been preserved in all Slovak words except the masculine noun; the feminine noun is ''Slovenka'', the adjective is ''slovenský'', the language is ''slovenčina'' and the country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italians
, flag = , flag_caption = The national flag of Italy , population = , regions = Italy 55,551,000 , region1 = Brazil , pop1 = 25–33 million , ref1 = , region2 = Argentina , pop2 = 20–25 million , ref2 = , region3 = United States , pop3 = 17-20 million , ref3 = , region4 = France , pop4 = 1-5 million , ref4 = , region5 = Venezuela , pop5 = 1-5 million , ref5 = , region6 = Paraguay , pop6 = 2.5 million , region7 = Colombia , pop7 = 2 million , ref7 = , region8 = Canada , pop8 = 1.5 million , ref8 = , region9 = Australia , pop9 = 1.0 million , ref9 = , region10 = Uruguay , pop10 = 1.0 million , r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juraj Križanić
Juraj Križanić (c. 1618 – 12 September 1683), also known as Jurij Križanič or Yuriy Krizhanich (russian: Юрий Крижанич), was a Croatian Catholic missionary who is often regarded as the earliest recorded pan-Slavist. His ideal, often misunderstood - even today - was to bring about a union of the churches, which Rome and Constantinople had tried to do without success for centuries. He believed that this might come about through closer relations between Slav Catholicism and the Russian Orthodox Church, and supported the idea that all Slavs had a common language and ethnic origin. However, he was not a pan-Slav if this meant seeking the political unity of all Slav people under Russian leadership. He considered that the only possible role for the Tsar to 'correct' or unify the orthography and script used in Slav-language books and awaken Slav consciousness was through works conducive to education and logic. ''In extremis'' the South Slavs might join with the Russian t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croat
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia. Due to political, social and economic reasons, many Croats migrated to North and South America as well as New Zealand and later Australia, establishing a diaspora in the aftermath of World War II, with grassroots assistance from earlier communities and the Roman Catholic Church. In Croatia (the nation state), 3.9 million people identify themselves as Croats, and constitute about 90.4% of the population. Another 553,000 live in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where they are one of the three constituent ethnic groups, predominantly living in Western Herzegovina, Central Bosnia and Bosnian Posavina. The minority in Serbia number about 70,000, mostly in Vojvodina. The et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Krzyżanowski
Julian Krzyżanowski (4 July 1892 – 19 May 1976) was a Polish literature and folklore scholar, best known for his study of Polish proverbs. Participant of the Warsaw Uprising. Professor at the Warsaw University and others. Recipient of Order of Polonia Restituta. He has been recognized as one of the most significant contributors to the field of Polish paremiology after World War II. In 1964 he was one of the signatories of the Letter of 34 to Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz Józef Adam Zygmunt Cyrankiewicz (; 23 April 1911 – 20 January 1989) was a Polish Socialist (PPS) and after 1948 Communist politician. He served as premier of the Polish People's Republic between 1947 and 1952, and again for 16 years between ... regarding freedom of culture. Work Krzyżanowski was the editor of the largest and most reputable collection of Polish proverbs up to date, called the "bible of Polish proverbs", ''Nowa księga przysłów i wyrażeń przysłowiowych polskich'' (New Book of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Radau
Michael Radau (1617–1687) was a Prussian priest, Jesuit and theologian. He was a professor of rhetoric in the Braniewo collegium around 1641. Later he resided in Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ... (around 1654 to 1675). Works He is known for his ''Orator extemporeneus'' (1672). References 1617 births 1687 deaths 17th-century German Jesuits German male writers Clergy from Königsberg {{Germany-theologian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szymon Starowolski
Szymon Starowolski (1588 – 1656; Simon Starovolscius) was a writer, scholar and historian in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was probably born near Pruzhany, and died near Kraków. He was a very prolific writer, and left behind over 70 works, mostly in Latin. Some of them survived until its translation into Polish. Life will never return." "''Serenissime Rex'' ost Serene King" replied Starowolski, "''Fortuna variabilis, Deus immutabilis'' ortune is variable, God is immutable" Sweden's king died some months later, before John Casimir's triumphant return. Painting by Matejko. Szymon Starowolski was born into an impoverished Lithuanian noble family. As a young man he visited the courts of many magnates, including the famous Chancellor Jan Zamoyski (at age 17) and Bishop Jakub Zadzik. After his studies, he traveled in the service of the Ostrogski family through Western Europe (Germany, France, Holland), where he visited the University of Louvain. On his return, from 1612 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Zaremba (bishop Of Kiev)
Stanisław Zaremba may refer to: * Stanisław Zaremba (bishop of Kyiv) Stanisław Zaremba (date of birth unknown – d. 1648) was a Polish writer, Cistercian, abbot of Sulejów Sulejów is a town in central Poland with 6,130 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in Łódź Voivodeship (since 1999), having previousl ... (?–1648), writer, abbot, Cistercian, bishop of Kyiv * Stanisław Zaremba (mathematician) (1863–1942) {{hndis , name=Zaremba, Stanislaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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