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Papilio Fuelleborni
''Papilio fuelleborni'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Tanzania and Malawi. The larvae feed on ''Clausena'' species. Description The male is deep black, with a pure white median band, very narrow in forewing, very wide in hindwing. The female is similar to other species of the group but with large white spots on the hindwing, placed at the margin (Carcasson, 1960). Subspecies *''Papilio fuelleborni fuelleborni'' (eastern and southern Tanzania, northern Malawi) *'' Papilio fuelleborni sjoestedti'' Aurivillius, 1908 (northern Tanzania) *''Papilio fuelleborni atavus'' Le Cerf, 1912 (northern Tanzania) *''Papilio fuelleborni rydoni'' Kielland, 1987 Kielland, 1987, J. 1987 New taxa of Rhopalocera from Tanzania (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). ''Lambillionea'' 87 (9-10): 114-126 (north-eastern Tanzania) Taxonomy ''Papilio fuelleborni'' is a member of the ''echerioides'' species-group. This clade includes *'' Papilio echerioides'' T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Karsch
Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch or Karsch-Haack (2 September 1853, in Münster – 20 December 1936, in Berlin) was a German arachnologist, entomologist and anthropologist. The son of a doctor, Karsch was educated at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin and published a thesis on the gall wasp in 1877. From 1878 to 1921 he held the post of curator at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Between 1873 and 1893, he published a catalogue of the spiders of Westphalia; he also published numerous articles on the specimens that the museum received from various explorers and naturalists working in Africa, in China, in Japan, in Australia, etc. This publication of others' work sometimes led to disputes over priority and nomenclature, for example with Pickard-Cambridge. Alongside his zoological activities, he published many works on sexuality and, in particular, homosexuality in both the animal kingdom and in so-called "primitive" peoples, including ''Das gleichgeschlechtliche Leben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Described In 1900
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it fli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilionidae
Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the largest butterflies in the world, the birdwing butterflies of the genus ''Ornithoptera''. Swallowtails have a number of distinctive features; for example, the papilionid caterpillar bears a repugnatorial organ called the osmeterium on its prothorax. The osmeterium normally remains hidden, but when threatened, the larva turns it outward through a transverse dorsal groove by inflating it with fluid. The forked appearance in some of the swallowtails' hindwings, which can be seen when the butterfly is resting with its wings spread, gave rise to the common name ''swallowtail''. As for its formal name, Linnaeus chose ''Papilio'' for the type genus, as ''papilio'' is Latin for "butterfly". For the specific epithets of the genus, Linnaeus applied th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Fülleborn
Friedrich Fülleborn (September 13, 1866 – September 9, 1933) was a physician who specialized in tropical medicine and parasitology. He was a native of Kulm, West Prussia, which today is known as Chełmno, Poland. He studied medicine and natural sciences in Berlin, where one of his instructors was Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer (1835–1921). From 1896 onward, he was a military physician assigned to the Schutztruppe in German East Africa. In 1898–1900 he participated in the ''Nyassa- und Kingagebirgs Expedition'' to the southern part of the colony, where he conducted anthropological and ethnographic research.Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon (1920), Band I, S. 670 biography In 1901 he became director of the Department of Tropical |
Papilio Sjoestedti
''Papilio sjoestedti'', the Kilimanjaro swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ... to Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Description In 1960, Robert Herbert Carcasson wrote: "Male very similar to above (''fulleborni''), but white band very narrow in both wings. Female similar to above (''fulleborni''), but ochreous discal area of hindwing much smaller. Both sexes may be distinguished from all other species of the group by the very much darker underside." Taxonomy ''Papilio sjoestedti'' is a member of the ''echerioides'' Species group, species-group. This clade includes: *''Papilio echerioides'' Trimen, 1868 *''Papilio fuelleborni'' Karsch, 1900 *''Papilio jacksoni'' Sharpe, 1891 *''Papilio sjoes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Jacksoni
''Papilio jacksoni'', the Jackson's swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Africa. The female adults mimic ''Amauris echeria'' and relatives. The larvae feed on ''Clausena'', ''Toddalia'' and ''Clausena anisata''. Description "Male as in ssp. '' echerioides'', but black more sooty, median band narrower, reduced to very well separated spots in forewing,white with faint ochreous tinge. Female as in echerioides, but white apical spot does not touch the margin; white spots in hindwing in both sexes well inside margin." (Robert Herbert Carcasson, 1960). Subspecies *''Papilio jacksoni jacksoni'' (Kenya (highlands), eastern Uganda) *''Papilio jacksoni ruandana'' Le Cerf, 1924 (Zaire, eastern Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi) *''Papilio jacksoni hecqui'' Berger, 1954 (north-eastern Zaire) *''Papilio jacksoni kungwe'' Cottrell, 1963 Cottrell, C.B. 1963. Two new subspecies of ''Papilio jacksoni'' E. Sharpe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from Tanganyika and the nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Echerioides
''Papilio echerioides'', the white-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The wingspan is 65–75 mm. It has two flight periods, first from January to March and second from September to November. The larvae feed on '' Clausena inaequalis'', '' Toddalia lanceolata'', ''Toddalia asiatica'', ''Zanthoxylum capense'', ''Zanthoxylum delagoense'', '' Vepris lanceolata'' and Citrus species. Description The male is very similar to ''Papilio cynorta'', but the median band, which is very pale yellow, tapers more strongly towards the apex. The pale spot in area (cell) 6 of the forewing is always present (usually absent in ''P. cynorta''). The female is a mimic of the butterflies ''Amauris echeria'' and '' Amauris albimaculata''. The forewing is black with white spots, the hindwing black with a large pale ochreous discal area and white submarginal spots. Taxonomy ''Papilio echerioides'' is a member of the ''echerioides'' spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Fuelleborni Sjoestedti
''Papilio sjoestedti'', the Kilimanjaro swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Description In 1960, Robert Herbert Carcasson wrote: "Male very similar to above (''fulleborni''), but white band very narrow in both wings. Female similar to above (''fulleborni''), but ochreous discal area of hindwing much smaller. Both sexes may be distinguished from all other species of the group by the very much darker underside." Taxonomy ''Papilio sjoestedti'' is a member of the ''echerioides'' species-group. This clade includes: *'' Papilio echerioides'' Trimen, 1868 *''Papilio fuelleborni'' Karsch, 1900 *'' Papilio jacksoni'' Sharpe, 1891 *''Papilio sjoestedti'' Aurivillius, 1908 It is mostly treated as a subspecies of ''Papilio fuelleborni''. Etymology It was named for Swedish naturalist Bror Yngve Sjöstedt Bror Yngve Sjöstedt (August 3, 1866, Hjo – 1948) was a Swedish naturalist. Sjöstedt gained his de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clausena
''Clausena'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It was first defined by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. It is distributed in Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.''Clausena''. Flora of China. This genus is in the , which also includes genus ''''. It is in the subtribe Clauseninae, which are known technically as the remote citroid fruit trees.Swingle, W. T., rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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