''Papilio jacksoni'', the Jackson's swallowtail, is a

butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

of the family

Papilionidae Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the larges ...

. It is found in

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

. The female adults

mimic MIMIC, known in capitalized form only, is a former simulation computer language developed 1964 by H. E. Petersen, F. J. Sansom and L. M. Warshawsky of Systems Engineering Group within the Air Force Materiel Command at the Wright-Patterson AFB in ...

Amauris echeria ''Amauris echeria'', the chief, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa. The wingspan is 55–65 mm for males and 63–70 for females. Adults are on wing year round (with peaks in summer and autumn). The la ...

'' and relatives. The larvae feed on ''

Clausena ''Clausena'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It was first defined by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. It is distributed in Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

'', ''

Toddalia ''Zanthoxylum asiaticum'' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. Under its synonym ''Toddalia asiatica'', it was the only species in the monotypic genus ''Toddalia'', now included in ''Zanthoxylum''. It is known by the English name orange c ...

'' and ''

Clausena anisata :''Should not be confused with syzygium anisatum, a tree native to eastern Australian rainforests, used as a culinary herb.'' ''Clausena anisata'' (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. is a deciduous shrub or small tree, belonging to the Rutaceae or Citrus ...

''.

Description

"Male as in ssp. '' echerioides'', but black more sooty, median band narrower, reduced to very well separated spots in forewing,white with faint ochreous tinge. Female as in echerioides, but white apical spot does not touch the margin; white spots in hindwing in both sexes well inside margin." (

Robert Herbert Carcasson Robert Herbert Carcasson (5 December 1918, in Cheltenham, UK – 23 September 1982, in Victoria, B.C., Canada) was an English entomologist who specialised in butterflies, but also authored two field guides to tropical fishes. He joined the Coryndon ...

, 1960).

Subspecies

*''Papilio jacksoni jacksoni'' (Kenya (highlands), eastern Uganda) *''Papilio jacksoni ruandana'' Le Cerf, 1924 (Zaire, eastern Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi) *''Papilio jacksoni hecqui'' Berger, 1954 (north-eastern Zaire) *''Papilio jacksoni kungwe'' Cottrell, 1963 Cottrell, C.B. 1963. Two new subspecies of ''Papilio jacksoni'' E. Sharpe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from Tanganyika and the northern Rhodesia-Nyasaland border. ''Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London''(B) 32: 125-128. (western Tanzania) *''Papilio jacksoni nyika'' Cottrell, 1963 (Nyika Plateau in northern Malawi and eastern Zambia) *''Papilio jacksoni imatonga'' Clifton & Collins, 1997 (Imatong Mountains in south-western Sudan)

Taxonomy

''Papilio jacksoni'' is a member of the ''echerioides''

species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

. This

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

includes: *''

Papilio echerioides ''Papilio echerioides'', the white-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The wingspan is 65–75 mm. It has two flight periods, first from January to March and second from Septemb ...

'' Trimen, 1868 *''

Papilio fuelleborni ''Papilio fuelleborni'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Tanzania and Malawi. The larvae feed on ''Clausena'' species. Description The male is deep black, with a pure white median band, very nar ...

'' Karsch, 1900 *''Papilio jacksoni'' Sharpe, 1891 *''

Papilio sjoestedti ''Papilio sjoestedti'', the Kilimanjaro swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation ...

'' Aurivillius, 1908

Etymology

It was named for the collector

Frederick John Jackson Sir Frederick John Jackson, (17 February 1860 – 3 February 1929) was an English administrator, explorer and ornithologist. Early years Jackson was born at Oran Hall, near Catterick, North Yorkshire in 1860. He attended Shrewsbury School ...

in "Descriptions of New Butterflies collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S:, in British East Africa, during his recent Expedition. Part I & II" ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1891 : 187-194, pl. 16-17, : 633-638, pl. 48.

References

*Carcasson, R.H., 1960 "The Swallowtail Butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)". ''Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society'
pdf
Key to East Africa members of the species group, diagnostic and other notes and figures. (Permission to host granted by The East Africa Natural History Society). *Cottrell, C.B. (1963). Two new subspecies of ''Papilio jacksoni''. E. Sharpe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from Tanganyika and the northern Rhodesia-Nyasaland border. ''Proceedings of the

Royal Entomological Society The Royal Entomological Society is devoted to the study of insects. Its aims are to disseminate information about insects and improving communication between entomologists. The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological Society of London ...

of London'' (B) 32: 125-128.

External links

* *
Two New Subspecies of ''Papilio jacksoni'' E. Sharpe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) From Tanganyika and the Northern Rhodesia-Nyasaland Border
Butterflies described in 1891 jacksoni Butterflies of Africa {{papilionidae-stub