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Ottoman Empire–United States Relations
After 1780, the United States began relations with North African countries and with the Ottoman Empire. History of relations American tribute to the Ottoman Empire On September 5, 1795, Ross, Frank EThe Mission of Joseph Donaldson, Jr., to Algiers, 1795-97The Journal of Modern History. Volume 7, Number 4, pp. 422ff December 22, 1935. Joseph Donaldson, Junior, appointed by then 1st Minister of US to Portugal David Humphreys, signed a deal with Hassan Bashaw, Dey of Algiers, his Divan and subjects; for the United States to pay indefinitely a yearly tribute of 12,000 Algerine Sequins to the Dey. This amount was equal to USD 21,600 at the time, or, using the price of labor as a conversion metric, equivalent to some twenty million dollars today. The deal also included an upfront payment of $642,500 in silver coin for peace, the release of American captives, various expenses, and gifts for the Dey's royal court and family. The original deal was written in Turkish and constituted a trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington D
Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered on Washington, D.C. * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States Washington may also refer to: Places England * Washington, Tyne and Wear, a town in the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough ** Washington Old Hall, ancestral home of the family of George Washington * Washington, West Sussex, a village and civil parish Greenland * Cape Washington, Greenland * Washington Land Philippines *New Washington, Aklan, a municipality *Washington, a barangay in Catarman, Northern Samar *Washington, a barangay in Escalante, Negros Occidental *Washington, a barangay in San Jacinto, Masbate *Washington, a barangay in Surigao City United States * Washington, Wisconsin (other) * Fort Washington (disambiguatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edouard Blak
Edouard Blak Bey a.k.a. Edouard Blacque (1824–1895 - Published online 14 August 2012 - Content from notes section) was the first minister of the Ottoman Empire to the United States.Kuneralp, Sinan. "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917." In: Criss, Nur Bilge, Selçuk Esenbel, Tony Greenwood, and Louis Mazzari (editors). ''American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989'' (EBSCO Ebook Academic Collection). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 12 July 2011. , 9781443832601. Start: p100 CITED: p101 His father, a Frenchman descended from the Scottish Catholic Black family, was Alexandre Blacque, of ''Moniteur Ottoman''. The Ottoman state sent Blak on scholarship to Collège Saint-Barbe in France in 1837, making him the first non-Muslim to get such a scholarship.Kırmızı, Abdulhamit. "European Educational Backgrounds of Armenian Officials in the Ottoman Empire." In: Schmoller, Andreas (editor). ''Middle Eastern Christians and E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscar Straus (politician)
Oscar Solomon Straus (December 23, 1850 – May 3, 1926) was an American politician and diplomat. He served as United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor under President Theodore Roosevelt from 1906 to 1909, making him the first Jewish United States Cabinet Secretary. Straus also served in four presidential administrations as America's representative to the Ottoman Empire and ran for Governor of New York in 1912 as the Progressive Party candidate. Early life and education He was born in Otterberg, Germany. He emigrated with his parents to the United States, and settled in Talbotton, Georgia. The Straus family owned slaves and conducted business with other slave owners, taking several formerly enslaved people to the North with the family following the defeat of the Confederacy. At the close of the Civil War he moved to New York City where he graduated from Columbia College in 1871 and Columbia Law School in 1873. He practiced law until 1881, and then became a merchant, retain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish American
American Jews or Jewish Americans are American citizens who are Jewish, whether by religion, ethnicity, culture, or nationality. Today the Jewish community in the United States consists primarily of Ashkenazi Jews, who descend from diaspora Jewish populations of Central and Eastern Europe and comprise about 90–95% of the American Jewish population. During the colonial era, prior to the mass immigration of Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardic Jews who arrived via Portugal represented the bulk of America's then-small Jewish population, and while their descendants are a minority today, they, along with an array of other Jewish communities, represent the remainder of American Jews, including other more recent Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Beta Israel-Ethiopian Jews, various other ethnically Jewish communities, as well as a smaller number of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, encompassing the full spectrum of Jewish re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Hay
John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln, Hay's highest office was United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was also an author and biographer, and wrote poetry and other literature throughout much of his life. Born in Indiana to an anti-slavery family that moved to Warsaw, Illinois when he was young, Hay showed great potential, and his family sent him to Brown University. After graduation in 1858, Hay read law in his uncle's office in Springfield, Illinois, adjacent to that of Lincoln. Hay worked for Lincoln's successful presidential campaign and became one of his private secretaries at the White House. Throughout the American Civil War, Hay was close to Lincoln and stood by his deathbed after the President was shot at Ford's Theatre. In addition to hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Hamid II
Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid II ( ota, عبد الحميد ثانی, Abd ül-Hamid-i Sani; tr, II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. The time period which he reigned in the Ottoman Empire is known as the Hamidian Era. He oversaw a Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, period of decline, with rebellions (particularly in the Balkans), and he presided over Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–1878) followed by a successful Greco-Turkish War (1897), war against the Kingdom of Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention. In accordance with an agreement made with the Republican Young Ottomans, he promulgated the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Empire's first Constitution, which was a sign of progressive th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levantine People In Turkey
Levantines in Turkey or Turkish Levantines, refers to the descendants of Europeans who settled in the coastal cities of the Ottoman Empire to trade, especially after the Tanzimat Era. Their estimated population today is around 1,000.Levanten kültürü turizme açılıyor haberler.com (12.08.2013) They mainly reside in , and . Anatolian Muslims called Levantines ''Frenk'' (first used for French, then for all non-Orthodox Europeans) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Shekib Bey
Mustafa Shekib Bey ( tr, Mustafa Şekip Bey), sometimes spelled Chekib, was an envoy of the Ottoman Empire to the United States. He was appointed minister to the United States in 1900, replacing Ali Ferrouh Bey. The appointment was formally made on August 20, but Shekib did not arrive until September 1901. During Shekib's absence, Ferrouh served as the interim charge d'affairs. Shekib had two sons, and a wife who had died before he started his U.S. service. Abdul Hamid II disliked it when the Americans pleaded for help for Armenians. As a result, he terminated the credentials of envoy Mustafa Shekib, and chose not to upgrade the mission to embassy status. Shekib therefore was unable to present his credentials to the President. Shekib slept in the daytime, and so his staff dealt with U.S. officials. Kuneralp stated that therefore "Things were eased out". - CITED: p102 Madame Bey, the wife of Shekib's secretary Sidky Bey, stated that the fact that he did not present any credentials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Ankara
Ankara University ( tr, Ankara Üniversitesi) is a public university in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. It was the first higher education institution founded in Turkey after the formation of the republic in 1923. The university has 40 vocational programs, 120 undergraduate programs and 110 graduate programs. History Ankara University was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of Turkey. Ankara University faculties are: * Faculty of Political Science (1859). The faculty was founded as a community college in 1859 and has undergone series of changes since the establishment. It was named Mekteb-i Mulkiye-i Sahane under the Ministry of Internal Affairs but in 1918 the name was changed to Mekteb-i Mulkiye under the Ministry of Education. After the founding of the Republic, at the request of Atatürk, the school was moved to Ankara, and named the School of Political Science. On March 23, 1950, the school was placed under Ankara University as the "Faculty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osman Nizami Pasha
Osman is the Persian transliteration and derived from the Arabic masculine given name Uthman ( ar, عُثْمان, , link=no ''‘uthmān'') or an English surname. It may refer to: People * Osman (name), people with the name * Osman I (1258–1326), founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II (1604–1622), Ottoman sultan * Osman III (1699–1757), Ottoman sultan * Osman I of the Maldives, the Sultan of the Maldives in 1377 * Osman II of the Maldives, the Sultan of Maldives from 1420 to 1421 * Osman Ali Khan, 7th Nizam (ruler) of the Kingdom of Hyderabad Places * Osmanabad, a district of Maharashtra, India * Osmannagar (alternative name for Sultanabad, Karimnagar), village located in Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, India * Osman, Iran, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran * Osman, Kurdistan, a village in Kurdistan Province, Iran * Osman, Wisconsin, United States Fish * False osman (''Schizopygopsis stoliczkai'') * Naked osman (''Gymnodiptychus dybowskii'') * Scaly osman ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rüstem Bey
Rüstem is a Turkish spelling of the Persian masculine given name Rostam (Persian: رستم ''rustam''), which is from the name of the Persian mythic hero Rostam. It may refer to: * Rüstem Pasha (c. 1500–1561), Ottoman grand vizier ** Rüstem Pasha Mosque, Ottoman mosque dedicated to him See also * Rustem (name) * Rustam (name) * Rostam (name) Rostam or Rustam or Rostom ( fa, رستم) is a name referring to the Persian mythical hero Rostam who was immortalized by the poet Ferdowsi in the ''Shahnameh'' (''Book of Kings''). It has been commonly used as a male Persian given name, and ma ... {{DEFAULTSORT:Rustem Turkish masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico anno 2013, datISTAT/ref> Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered by many academics to have been the birthplace of the Renaissance, becoming a major artistic, cultural, commercial, political, economic and financial center. During this time, Florence rose to a position of enormous influence in Italy, Europe, and beyond. Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (established in 1861). The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
