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Operation Clay
Operation Clay (also known as Clay-Eva; Eva was a code name for radio transmitter) was a cover name for the operation executed during World War II in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia by Czech paratroopers trained in England. It was organized by intelligence section of exile, Czechoslovakian Ministry of Defence in London. It was part of third wave of special tasks operations in Nazi-occupied territory. Members and tasks The members of Clay group were sergeant Antonín Bartoš, sergeant Jiří Štokman and radio-operator sergeant Čestmír Šikola. They gathered intelligence in the region of Northern Moravia, which they transmitted by radio to London. This involved coordination with resistance groups. Operation The group, with the Carbon group, was dropped on 13 April near the village of Hostišová. After a three-day hike, they reached Bystřice pod Hostýnem, where they hid. Their first message was transmitted on 30 April 1944. In the Valašsko & Slovácko regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protectorate Of Bohemia And Moravia
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; cs, Protektorát Čechy a Morava; its territory was called by the Nazis ("the rest of Czechia"). was a partially annexed territory of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of the Czech lands. The protectorate's population was mostly ethnic Czech. After the Munich Agreement of September 1938, Germany had annexed the German-majority Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. Following the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic on 14 March 1939, and the German occupation of the Czech rump state the next day, German leader Adolf Hitler established the protectorate on 16 March 1939 by a proclamation from Prague Castle. The creation of the protectorate violated the Munich Agreement.Crowhurst, Patrick (2020) ''Hitler and Czechoslovakia in World War II: Domination and Retaliation''. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 96, . The protectorate was nominally autonomous and had a dual system of government, with German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The English language, the Anglican Church, and Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonín Bartoš
Antonín Bartoš (12 October 1910 Lanžhot – 13 December 1998 New York) was a Czechoslovakian soldier, member of the World War II resistance (and commander of Operation Clay), postwar member of the National Assembly for the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, and later participant of anti-communist resistance. Youth Bartoš was born in Lanžhot, then part of Austria-Hungary, on 12 September 1910. His father was a railway employee, and his mother was a housewife. He had two brothers and a sister. He passed four grades of elementary school, and in 1929 passed an exam in Břeclav gymnasium. From 1930 to 1932, he was a postal service employee in Břeclav. On 1 March 1932, he started his national service with the border patrol battalion in Trebišov. After failed admission to a military academy to become an officer (for medical reasons, apparently due to his previous dispute with a regiment doctor), he was discharged from military service and returned to work for Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early modern Margraviate of Moravia was a crown land of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown from 1348 to 1918, an imperial state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1004 to 1806, a crown land of the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867, and a part of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. Moravia was one of the five lands of Czechoslovakia founded in 1918. In 1928 it was merged with Czech Silesia, and then dissolved in 1949 during the abolition of the land system following the communist coup d'état. Its area of 22,623.41 km2 is home to more than 3 million people. The people are historically named Moravians, a subgroup of Czechs, the other group being called Bohemians. Moravia also had been home of a large German-speaking populati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hostišová
Hostišová is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants. Administrative parts The municipality is made up of two village parts, Hostišová and Hostišová-Horňák. Geography Hostišová is located about northwest of Zlín. It lies in a hilly lansdcape of the Vizovice Highlands The Vizovice Highlands ( cs, Vizovická vrchovina) is an area of relatively modest but rugged highlands within the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic, named after the town of Vizovice. Geologically, the highlands are part of the Slovak-Moravian C .... The highest point is the hill Strážná at , the village is located on its slopes. History The first written mention of Hostišová is from 1397. Sights The main landmark is the Chapel of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary from 1869. An observation tower called Na Strážné is located on the top of the Strážná hill. It is a high wooden tower on a stone base. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bystřice Pod Hostýnem
Bystřice pod Hostýnem (; german: Bistritz am Hostein) is a town in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 8,000 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Bílavsko, Hlinsko pod Hostýnem, Rychlov and Sovadina are administrative parts of Bystřice pod Hostýnem. Geography Bystřice pod Hostýnem is located about northeast of Kroměříž and north of Zlín. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The Bystřička stream flows through the town. Hostýn hill, whose name is included in the name of the town, is located south of the town outside of the municipal territory, but a contour line below the hill at above sea level is the highest point of Bystřice pod Hostýnem. History The first written mention of Bystřice is from 1368, when the settlement was acquired by Boček I of Poděbrady. A fortress was first mentioned here in 1440. From 1650 to 1827, the estate was owned by the Rottal family. The last owners were the Loudouns, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). During World War II, the Gestapo played a key role in the Holocaust. After the war ended, the Gestapo was declared a criminal organisation by the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at the Nuremberg trials. History After Adol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Žižka Partisan Brigade
The 1st Czechoslovak Partisan Brigade of Jan Žižka ( cs, 1. československá partizánská brigáda Jana Žižky or ''Partyzánská brigáda Jana Žižky z Trocnova''), initially known as Ušiak-Murzin Unit, was the largest partisan unit in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (modern day Czech Republic) during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. After its core membership of Soviet-trained paratroopers were dropped into Slovakia in August 1944, the brigade crossed into Moravia and began operations in earnest at the end of 1944. Its focus was guerrilla warfare, especially sabotage and intelligence gathering. Background German occupation In 1938, German Chancellor Adolf Hitler announced his intentions to annex the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia with a high ethnic German population. As the previous appeasement of Hitler had shown, the governments of both France and Britain were intent on avoiding war. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and other Western po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tvrdonice
Tvrdonice (german: Turnitz) is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,100 inhabitants. Geography Tvrdonice is located about northeast of Břeclav and southeast of Brno, on the border with Slovakia. It lies in a flat landscape of the Lower Morava Valley. The municipality is crossed by the Kyjovka river. The Czech-Slovak border is formed here by the Morava River. History The first written mention of Tvrdonice is from 1264. In 1538, the village was promoted to a market town, but it later lost the title. Demographics Economy Tvrdonice is known for viticulture. It lies in the Slovácká wine subregion. Transport The D2 motorway (part of the European route E65) from Brno to the Czech-Slovak border in Lanžhot Lanžhot (german: Landshut) is a town in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,600 inhabitants. It is the southernmost Moravian town. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hrušky (Břeclav District)
Hrušky (german: Birnbaum) is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,600 inhabitants. Geography Hrušky is located about northeast of Břeclav and southeast of Brno. It lies in a flat agricultural landscape of the Lower Morava Valley. The Svodnice Stream forms the eastern municipal border. History The first written mention of Hrušky is from 1368. The village was probably founded at the beginning of the 13th century. From 1638 to 1848, it was part of the Břeclav estate, owned by the House of Liechtenstein. The village was heavily damaged by the 2021 South Moravia tornado. Transport Hrušky lies on a railway line heading from Břeclav to Hodonín and Přerov. Sights The main landmark of Hrušky is the Church of Saint Bartholomew. It is a modern church, built in the neo-Gothic style in 1861. Notable people *Rudolph Krejci (1929–2018), Czech-American philosopher Twin towns – sister cities Hrušk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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