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Nosema Ceranae
''Nosema ceranae'' is a microsporidian, a small, unicellular parasite that mainly affects ''Apis cerana'', the Asiatic honey bee. Along with '' Nosema apis'', it causes the disease nosemosis, the most widespread of the diseases of adult honey bees. ''N. ceranae'' can remain dormant as a long-lived spore which is resistant to temperature extremes and dehydration. This fungus has been shown to act in a synergistic fashion with diverse insecticides such as fipronil or neonicotinoids, by increasing the toxicity of pesticides for bees, leading to higher bee mortality. It may thus play an indirect role in colony collapse disorder. In addition, the interaction between fipronil and ''N. ceranae'' induces changes in male physiology leading to sterility. Range ''Nosema ceranae'' was first described in 1996 and was identified as a disease of '' Apis mellifera'' in 2004 in Taiwan. Since its emergence in honeybees, ''N. ceranae ''has been identified in bumblebee species in South America, Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colony Collapse Disorder
Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is an abnormal phenomenon that occurs when the majority of worker bees in a honey bee colony disappear, leaving behind a queen, plenty of food, and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees. While such disappearances have occurred sporadically throughout the history of apiculture, and have been known by various names (including disappearing disease, spring dwindle, May disease, autumn collapse, and fall dwindle disease), the syndrome was renamed colony collapse disorder in early 2007 in conjunction with a drastic rise in reports of disappearances of western honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') colonies in North America. Beekeepers in most European countries had observed a similar phenomenon since 1998, especially in Southern and Western Europe; the Northern Ireland Assembly received reports of a decline greater than 50%. The phenomenon became more global when it affected some Asian and African countries as well. Colony collapse disorder co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nosema Apis
''Nosema apis'' is a microsporidian, a small, unicellular parasite recently reclassified as a fungus that mainly affects honey bees. It causes nosemosis, also called nosema, which is the most common and widespread of adult honey bee diseases. The dormant stage of ''N. apis'' is a long-lived spore which is resistant to temperature extremes and dehydration, and cannot be killed by freezing the contaminated comb. Nosemosis is a listed disease with the Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Pathology ''Nosema apis'' is a single-celled parasite of the western honey bee (''Apis mellifera''). The species is of the class Microsporidia, which were previously thought to be protozoans, but are now classified as fungi or fungi-related. Microsporidia are intracellular parasites and they infect the epithelial cells of the midgut. ''N. apis'' has a resistant spore that withstands temperature extremes and dehydration. In 1996, a similar microsporidian parasite of the eastern honey be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Madrid , coordinates = , largest_city = Madrid , languages_type = Official language , languages = Spanish language, Spanish , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = , ethnic_groups_ref = , religion = , religion_ref = , religion_year = 2020 , demonym = , government_type = Unitary state, Unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary constitutional monarchy , leader_title1 = Monarchy of Spain, Monarch , leader_name1 = Felipe VI , leader_title2 = Prime Minister of Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bee Diseases
Diseases of the honey bee or abnormal hive conditions include: Pests and parasites ''Varroa'' mites ''Varroa destructor'' and ''V. jacobsoni'' are parasitic mites that feed on the fat bodies of adult, pupal and larval bees. When the hive is very heavily infested, ''Varroa'' mites can be seen with the naked eye as a small red or brown spot on the bee's thorax. ''Varroa'' mites are carriers for many viruses that are damaging to bees. For example, bees infected during their development will often have visibly deformed wings. ''Varroa'' mites have led to the virtual elimination of feral bee colonies in many areas, and are a major problem for kept bees in apiaries. Some feral populations are now recovering—it appears they have been naturally selected for ''Varroa'' resistance. ''Varroa'' mites were first discovered in Southeast Asia in about 1904, but are now present on all continents except Australia. They were discovered in the United States in 1987, in New Zealand in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Migration
Migration, migratory, or migrate may refer to: Human migration * Human migration, physical movement by humans from one region to another ** International migration, when peoples cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of time Natural sciences Biology * Migration (ecology), the large-scale movement of species from one environment to another ** Animal migration ** Bird migration * Plant migration, see Seed dispersal, the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant * Gene migration, a process in evolution and population genetics * Cell migration, a process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms ** Collective cell migration, describing the movements of group of cells Physics and chemistry * Molecular diffusion, in physics * Migration (chemistry), type of reaction in organic chemistry * Seismic migration, in seismic and ground penetrating radar data processing * Microscopic motion of material caused by an external f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA), and often a substantial fraction of 'junk' DNA with no evident function. Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome. Algae and plants also contain chloroplasts with a chloroplast genome. The study of the genome is called genomics. The genomes of many organisms have been sequenced and various regions have been annotated. The International Human Genome Project reported the sequence of the genome for ''Homo sapiens'' in 200The Human Genome Project although the initial "finished" sequence was missing 8% of the genome consisting mostly of repetitive sequences. With advancements in technology that could handle sequenci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloomberg L
Bloomberg may refer to: People * Daniel J. Bloomberg (1905–1984), audio engineer * Georgina Bloomberg (born 1983), professional equestrian * Michael Bloomberg (born 1942), American businessman and founder of Bloomberg L.P.; politician and mayor of New York City (2002–2013) * Ramon Bloomberg (born 1972), American artist and film director Other uses * Bloomberg L.P., financial news and media company founded by Michael Bloomberg ** Bloomberg News, a news agency ** ''Bloomberg Businessweek'', weekly business magazine and website ** ''Bloomberg Markets,'' a monthly financial magazine ** Bloomberg Radio, a business radio network ** Bloomberg Television, a business news channel ***Bloomberg TV Canada ***Bloomberg TV Philippines ***Bloomberg TV Malaysia ** Bloomberg Terminal, desktop terminal and software widely used in the financial industry ** Bloomberg Data, API product using sftp or web service protocols to retrieve market data ** Bloomberg Government, online news service c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fumagillin
Fumagillin is a complex biomolecule and used as an antimicrobial agent. It was isolated in 1949 from the microbial organism ''Aspergillus fumigatus''. Uses In animals It was originally used against microsporidian parasites ''Nosema apis'' infections in honey bees. Some studies found it to be effective against some myxozoan parasites, including ''Myxobolus cerebralis,'' an important parasite of fish; however, in the more rigorous tests required for U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval, it was ineffective. There are reports that fumagillin controls ''Nosema ceranae'', which has recently been hypothesized as a possible cause of colony collapse disorder. The latest report, however, has shown it to be ineffective against ''N. ceranae''. Fumagillin is also investigated as an inhibitor of malaria parasite growth. In humans Fumagillin has been used in the treatment of microsporidiosis. It is also an amebicide. Fumagillin can block blood vessel formation by binding to an enzyme m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whidbey News-Times
''Whidbey News-Times'' is a twice-weekly (Wednesday and Saturday) newspaper published in Oak Harbor, Washington, United States covering general news on Whidbey Island. It is owned by Sound Publishing Inc., a subsidiary of Black Press. Its previous title was the ''Whidbey Examiner''. The title was changed upon the Black Press' acquisition of the paper, which changed the name to the ''Whidbey News-Times''. Its sister paper is the ''South Whidbey Record The ''South Whidbey Record'' is a newspaper based in Langley, Washington, United States. It publishes Wednesdays and Saturdays. History The paper started as the ''Whidby Record'' and later changed its name in the 1940s to ''The Whidbey Record'' ...''. References External links Sound Publishing: ''Whidbey News-Times''Mondo Times: ''Whidbey News-Times'' Biweekly newspapers published in the United States Publications established in 1891 Newspapers published in Washington (state) Black Press 1908 establishments in Washington ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USDA
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food. It aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally. It is headed by the Secretary of Agriculture, who reports directly to the President of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet. The current secretary is Tom Vilsack, who has served since February 24, 2021. Approximately 80% of the USDA's $141 billion budget goes to the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) program. The largest component of the FNS budget is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly known as the Food Stamp program), which is the cornerstone of USDA's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the United States. The publication has won more than 40 Pulitzer Prizes. It is owned by Patrick Soon-Shiong and published by the Times Mirror Company. The newspaper’s coverage emphasizes California and especially Southern California stories. In the 19th century, the paper developed a reputation for civic boosterism and opposition to labor unions, the latter of which led to the bombing of its headquarters in 1910. The paper's profile grew substantially in the 1960s under publisher Otis Chandler, who adopted a more national focus. In recent decades the paper's readership has declined, and it has been beset by a series of ownership changes, staff reductions, and other controversies. In January 2018, the paper's staff voted to unionize and final ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgewood Chemical And Biological Center
The U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) is the United States's principal research and development resource for non-medical chemical and biological (CB) defense. As a critical national asset in the CB defense community, ECBC supports all phases of the acquisition life-cycle ― from basic and applied research through technology development, engineering design, equipment evaluation, product support, sustainment, field operations and demilitarization ― to address its customers’ unique requirements. ECBC has full-time employees located at three different sites in the United States: Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Md., Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and Rock Island, Illinois. It is a research, development and engineering center (RDEC) under the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM). In 2018, ECBC was reorganized under the new United States Army Futures Command to be part of the United States Army Combat Capabilities Development C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
