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Noreen
Noreen, or BID 590, was an off-line one-time tape cipher machine of British origin. Usage As well as being used by the United Kingdom, Noreen was used by Canada. It was widely used in diplomatic stations. According to the display note on a surviving unit publicly displayed at Bletchley Park in the United Kingdom, the system was predominantly used "by the foreign office in British embassies overseas where the electricity supply was unreliable." Usage lasted from the mid-1960s through 1990. Compatibility It was completely compatible with Rockex. Power Supply The units were powered by two batteries of six and twelve volts respectively, though some were known to have been powered by mains. Other uses of the name "Noreen" * Noreen was the name of a wooden dragger that was acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II and converted into the minesweeper USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6). * Noreen is a common name in the Americas, Ireland, Scotland, and the Middle East. Also spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noreen
Noreen, or BID 590, was an off-line one-time tape cipher machine of British origin. Usage As well as being used by the United Kingdom, Noreen was used by Canada. It was widely used in diplomatic stations. According to the display note on a surviving unit publicly displayed at Bletchley Park in the United Kingdom, the system was predominantly used "by the foreign office in British embassies overseas where the electricity supply was unreliable." Usage lasted from the mid-1960s through 1990. Compatibility It was completely compatible with Rockex. Power Supply The units were powered by two batteries of six and twelve volts respectively, though some were known to have been powered by mains. Other uses of the name "Noreen" * Noreen was the name of a wooden dragger that was acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II and converted into the minesweeper USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6). * Noreen is a common name in the Americas, Ireland, Scotland, and the Middle East. Also spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Heath Hen (AMc-6)
USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6) was a wooden dragger ( trawler), built in 1936 by A. D. Storey, Fairhaven, Massachusetts, as ''Noreen''. Acquired by the United States Navy on 18 October 1940, she was converted to a coastal minesweeper and commissioned on 20 January 1941 as USS ''Heath Hen'' (AMc-6). The small ship served in the 5th Naval District until 16 March 1944 when she arrived Provincetown, Massachusetts, for duty with the Naval Mine Test Facility. Redesignated Small Boat ''C-13538'', her name was dropped and she served in mine warfare experiments until damaged by an oil explosion on 16 March 1945. She was subsequently turned over to the Maritime Commission The United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) was an independent executive agency of the U.S. federal government that was created by the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, which was passed by Congress on June 29, 1936, and was abolished on May 24, 195 ... and sold on 10 May 1948. References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-time Tape
In cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked, but requires the use of a single-use pre-shared key that is not smaller than the message being sent. In this technique, a plaintext is paired with a random secret key (also referred to as ''a one-time pad''). Then, each bit or character of the plaintext is encrypted by combining it with the corresponding bit or character from the pad using modular addition. The resulting ciphertext will be impossible to decrypt or break if the following four conditions are met: #The key must be at least as long as the plaintext. #The key must be random ( uniformly distributed in the set of all possible keys and independent of the plaintext), entirely sampled from a non-algorithmic, chaotic source such as a hardware random number generator. It is not sufficient for OTP keys to pass statistical randomness tests as such tests cannot measure entropy, and the number of bits of entropy must be at least equal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockex
Rockex, or Telekrypton, was an offline one-time tape Vernam cipher machine known to have been used by Britain and Canada from 1943. It was developed by Canadian electrical engineer Benjamin deForest Bayly, working during the war for British Security Coordination. "Rockex" was named after the Rockefeller Center,Louis Kruh, British intelligence in the Americas, ''Cryptologia'', April 2001 together with the tradition for naming British cipher equipment with the suffix "-ex" (e.g. Typex). In 1944 an improved Rockex II first appeared. There were also a Mark III and Mark V. After the war it was used by British consulates and embassies until 1973, although a few continued in use until the mid-1980s.Exhibit card describing Rockex equipment in the "Enigma and Friends" exhibit at the Bletchley Park museum, September 2006 After WW2 the Rockex machines and the code tapes were manufactured in great secrecy under the control of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), also known as MI6, at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is , with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching , is the world's longest binational land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes ( Buckinghamshire) that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. The mansion was constructed during the years following 1883 for the financier and politician Sir Herbert Leon in the Victorian Gothic, Tudor, and Dutch Baroque styles, on the site of older buildings of the same name. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis Powersmost importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included Alan Turing, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander, Bill Tutte, and Stuart Milner-Barry. The nature of the work at Bletchley remained secret until many years after the war. According to the official historian of British Intelligence, the "Ultra" intelligence produced at Bletchley shortened the war by two to four years, and without it th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mains Electricity
Mains electricity or utility power, power grid, domestic power, and wall power, or in some parts of Canada as hydro, is a general-purpose alternating-current (AC) electric power supply. It is the form of electrical power that is delivered to homes and businesses through the electric grid in many parts of the world. People use this electricity to power everyday items—such as domestic appliances, televisions and lamps—by plugging them into a wall outlet. The voltage and frequency of electric power differs between regions. In much of the world, a voltage (nominally) of 230 volts and frequency of 50 Hz is used. In North America, the most common combination is 120 V and a frequency of 60 Hz. Other combinations exist, for example, 230 V at 60 Hz. Travellers' portable appliances may be inoperative or damaged by foreign electrical supplies. Non-interchangeable plugs and sockets in different regions provide some protection from accidental use of appliances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Language
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is the language of literature, official documents, and formal written m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nora (name)
Nora or Nora is a feminine personal name. It mainly originates as a short form of ''Honora'' (also ''Honoria''), a common Anglo-Norman name, ultimately derived from the Latin word ''Honor'' (with that meaning). In Hungary, the name Nóra originates as a short form of '' Eleonóra''. The Irish Nóra is likewise probably an Irish form of ''Honora''. A diminutive form of ''Nóra'' is ''Nóirín''; this name has numerous Anglicised forms, such as: ''Norene'' and ''Norine'',. Nora has been among the most popular girl names in Norway in the 2000s, topping the list of most popular girl names in 2012. In Finnish and Arabic there's a given name Noora. Notable people with the name include: People *Nora Arnezeder (born 1989), French actress and singer * Nora Aunor (born 1953), Filipina actress *Nora Barnacle (1884–1951), wife of author James Joyce *Nora Berra (born 1963), French politician * Nora Campos (born 1966), American politician * Norah Carter (1881–1966), New Zealand photogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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