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Njoto
Lukman Njoto or Njoto (17 January 1927 – 13 December 1965) was a senior national leader of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), who joined the party shortly after the country's declaration of independence, and was killed following the 1965 coup attempt. Biography Early life Njoto was born on 17 January 1927 in the house of his grandfather, Marjono, in Jember. Njoto's parents were Raden Sosro Hartono, a descendant of the Surakarta royal family, and Masalmah. He had two younger sisters, Sri Windarti and Iramani. He and Windarti attended the Hollands Inlandsche School (HIS) in Jember and lived with their maternal grandparents in Kampung Tempean, Jember. Their father wanted them to enroll there because Dutch schools were better organized than native schools. After regular school, Njoto had private lessons in the evening with Meneer Darmo. After graduating from school, Njoto enrolled at the ''Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs'' (MULO) school in Jember. Eventually during the Japa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. During most of the period immediately following independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. History Forerunners The Indies Social Democratic Association (Dutch: ''Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging'', ISDV) was founded in 1914 by Dutch socialist Henk Sneevliet and another Indies socialist. The 85-member ISDV was a merger of the two Dutch socialist parties (the SDAP and the Socialist Party of the Netherlands), which would become the Communist Party of the Netherlands with Dutch East Indies leadership. The Dutch members of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harian Rakjat
(EYD: , 'People's Daily') was an Indonesian newspaper published by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) from 1951-1965. The motto was ('For the people there is only one daily, Harian Rakjat!'). Harian Rakyat was managed by Njoto as a member of the editorial board and Mula Naibaho as editor in chief. History Early history was first published on January 31, 1951, and was originally named ( 'People's Voice'). In its heyday, was the most popular political newspaper ever published in Indonesia, with average circulation of 23,000 copies in the 1950s and 1960s. ''Jurnal Nasional'', Senin, 23 Jul 2007 The newspaper was sold at a retail and subscription price of Rp 0.60 and Rp 14.5 a month, respectively. < ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Aidit
Abdullah Aidit (23 October 1900 – 14 February 1969) was an Indonesian politician and civil servant who served as a member of the Provisional People's Representative Council. He was the father of D. N. Aidit, chairman of the Indonesian Communist Party who was executed in 1965 following the 30 September Movement. Early life and education Abdullah was born in Tanjung Pandan on 23 October 1900. He was the son of Haji Ismail, a fishery businessman in Belitung. He worked as a forest ranger, and due to his family connections he managed to put all his eight children to school at Hollandsch-Inlandsche School. He was active in the local Islamic community, founding a local Islamic education institution. Two of his sons, Achmad Aidit and Murad Aidit, studied in Batavia, at a significant cost to the family's finances. When Achmad Aidit wanted to change his name, Abdullah resisted, primarily because he did not want to handle administrative problems associated with a change of name. He eventu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dwikora Cabinet
The Dwikora Cabinet, ( id, Kabinet Dwikora), was the 21st Indonesian cabinet. President Sukarno reshuffled the previous cabinet on 27 August 1964 to produce a cabinet better able to implement the government policy he had announced in his Independence Day speech entitled " the Year of Living Dangerously". The cabinet was appointed on 2 September and served for a year and five months before being reshuffled on 21 February 1966. Composition Cabinet Leadership *President/Prime Minister/Supreme Commander of Indonesian National Armed Forces/Mandatary of the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS)/Great Leader of the Revolution: Sukarno Presidium *First Deputy Prime Minister: Subandrio *Second Deputy Prime Minister: Johannes Leimena *Third Deputy Prime Minister: Chairul Saleh State Ministers Assigned to the Presidium *State Minister: Oei Tjoe Tat *State Minister: Njoto *State Minister: Arifin Harahap *State Minister: Police Brig. Gen. Mudjoko *State Minister: Police Comm. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oloan Hutapea
Oloan Hutapea, also known as B. O. Hutapea (born 1920s?, died in Blitar area in 1968), was a high-ranking member of the Indonesian Communist Party and one of its major theoreticians during the height of its power, and was leader of a clandestine wing of the party in 1967-8 during the Transition to the New Order. Biography Early life His full name was Bismarck Oloan Hutapea, which he shortened to B.O. Hutapea as his pen name later in life. Little has been published about his early life aside from the fact that he had been a cadet in the Dutch Navy at Surabaya. T.B. Simatupang, chief of staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces from 1950 to 1953, knew Hutapea while studying in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia during 1937-40 and again later during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese occupation. He was also from a Batak background, and noted in his memoir that most Bataks in Batavia knew each other at that time. Among his friends in the Batak youth in Batavia, Simat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madiun Affair
The Madiun Affair ( id, Peristiwa Madiun), known locally as the Communist Party of Indonesia rebellion of 1948 ( id, Pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia 1948), was an armed conflict between the government of the self-proclaimed Republic of Indonesia and the left-wing opposition group ''Front Demokrasi Rakyat'' (FDR, People's Democratic Front) during the Indonesian National Revolution. The conflict began on September 18, 1948, in Madiun, East Java, and ended three months later when most FDR leaders and members were detained and executed by TNI forces. Background Downfall of Sjarifuddin Cabinet and the formation of Hatta Cabinet Opinions regarding the trigger of the conflict vary. According to Kreutzer, the downfall of Amir Sjarifuddin government in January 1948 was the origin of the Madiun Affair. Before then, during the second half of the 1947, Partai Sosialis was split into two factions: one faction was led by Sjarifuddin and a smaller faction led by Sutan Sjahrir. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bintang Merah
Bintang Merah (Indonesian: Red Star) was a magazine of the Communist Party of Indonesia which published in Jakarta from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1950 to 1965. It described itself as a ''magazine of Marxist-Leninist politics and theory.'' History The magazine began publication at the end of the Second World War with the departure of Japanese forces from the Indonesia. However, it was banned in 1948 during the Madiun Affair along with other communist newspapers such as ''Buruh'', ''Revolusioner'', and ''Suara Ibu Kota''. With all the newspapers banned, Musso, the PKI leader, went on ''Radio Gelora Pemoeda'' and denounced the government of Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, stating that they were following a policy of capitulation towards the Netherlands and that they had risen to power during the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia with ties to Japan. In the early independence period, the political alignments in Indonesia shifted and the Communists became closer to Sukarno. In August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudisman
Sudisman (1920 – October 1968) was a general secretary of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and the only PKI leader to be put on trial following the 30 September Movement in 1965. He was sentenced to death and executed. He was the fourth highest-ranking member of the Communist Party of Indonesia's Politburo, and was the only one of the five senior leaders of PKI to be tried. All but one of the ten PKI politburo members were killed. Sudisman tried to reorganize the PKI into an underground movement after other senior leaders were captured and summarily executed. He acted as the leader of the PKI for a short time before his arrest. He was finally arrested in December 1966. Trial Sudisman was the highest ranking PKI politburo member to appear before the ''Mahmillub'' (''Mahkamah Militer Luar Biasa'', the Extraordinary Military Tribunal), as the other members had been killed. Sudisman's trial was held in July 1967. Testimonies of Sudisman and other PKI leaders greatly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million residents within the city limits, over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow grew to become a prosperous and powerful city that served as the capital of the Grand Duchy that bears its name. When the Grand Duchy of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, Moscow remained the political and economic center for most of the Tsardom's history. When th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of The Soviet Union
"Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper = ''Pravda'' , position = Far-left , international = , religion = State Atheism , predecessor = Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP , successor = UCP–CPSU , youth_wing = Little Octobrists Komsomol , wing1 = Young Pioneers , wing1_title = Pioneer wing , affiliation1_title = , affiliation1 = Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans (1936–1991) , membership = 19,487,822 (early 1989 ) , ideology = , colours = Red , country = the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),; abbreviated in Russian as or also known by various other names during its history, was the founding and ruling party of the Soviet Union. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Consultative Assembly
The People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, MPR-RI) is the legislative branch in Politics of Indonesia, Indonesia's political system. It is composed of the members of the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD). Before 2004, and the amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia, 1945 Constitution, the MPR was the highest governing body in Indonesia. In accordance with Law No. 16/1960, the assembly was formed after the 1971 Indonesian legislative election, general election in 1971. It was decided at that time that the membership of the Assembly would be twice that of the House. The 920 membership of MPR continued for the terms of 1977–1982 and 1982–1987. For the terms 1987–1992, 1992–1997, and 1997–1999 the MPR's membership became 1000. One hundred members were appointed representing delegations from groups as addition to the faction delegates of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
