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Nitropentadecene
Nitropentadecene, or more precisely (''E'')-1-nitropentadec-1-ene, is a highly toxic unsaturated nitroalkene, the only aliphatic nitro compound known to be synthesized by insects. It is produced by termite soldiers of genus ''Prorhinotermes'' (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae Rhinotermitidae is a family of termites (Isoptera). They feed on wood and can cause extensive damage to buildings or other wooden structures. About 345 species are recognized, among these are severe pests such as '' Coptotermes formosanus'', ''Co ...) as a defensive chemical. Nitropentadecene is biosynthesized and stored in one of the exocrine glands, a frontal gland, of termite soldiers, and it is released upon attack of enemy. References {{reflist Nitro compounds Alkene derivatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitro Compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid. Synthesis Preparation of aromatic nitro compounds Aromatic nitro compounds are typically synthesized by nitration. Nitration is achieved using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which produce the nitronium ion (), which is the electrophile: + The nitration product produced on the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitro Compounds
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid. Synthesis Preparation of aromatic nitro compounds Aromatic nitro compounds are typically synthesized by nitration. Nitration is achieved using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which produce the nitronium ion (), which is the electrophile: + The nitration product produced on the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitroalkene
A nitroalkene, or nitro olefin, is a functional group combining the functionality of its constituent parts, an alkene and nitro group, while displaying its own chemical properties through alkene activation, making the functional group useful in specialty reactions such as the Michael reaction or Diels-Alder additions. Synthesis Nitroalkenes are synthesized by various means, notable examples include: * Nitroaldol reactions such as the Henry reaction: : * Nitration of an alkene with nitryl iodide generated ''in-situ'' from silver nitrite and elemental iodine: * Direct nitration of alkenes with nitric oxide and an aluminum oxide catalyst in acidic conditions: *Direct nitration of alkenes with Clayfen (Iron(III) nitrate supported on Montmorillonite clay): * Dehydration of nitro-alcohols: Reactions Nitroalkenes are useful intermediates for various chemical functionalities. * A nitroalkene behaving as a Michael acceptor in the synthesis of Lycoricidine: * Nitroalkene acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliphatic
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons ( compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. ''aleiphar'', fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic. Structure Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound. The least complex aliphatic compound is methane (CH4). Properties Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in Buns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Termite
Termites are small insects that live in colonies and have distinct castes (eusocial) and feed on wood or other dead plant matter. Termites comprise the infraorder Isoptera, or alternatively the epifamily Termitoidae, within the order Blattodea (along with cockroaches). Termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from cockroaches, as they are deeply nested within the group, and the sister group to wood eating cockroaches of the genus ''Cryptocercus''. Previous estimates suggested the divergence took place during the Jurassic or Triassic. More recent estimates suggest that they have an origin during the Late Jurassic, with the first fossil records in the Early Cretaceous. About 3,106 species are currently described, with a few hundred more left to be described. Although these insects are often called "white ants", they are not ants, and are not closely related to ants. Like ants and some bees a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prorhinotermes
''Prorhinotermes'' is a genus of termites belonging to the family Rhinotermitidae. The species of this genus are found in Malesia and Australia. Species: *'' Prorhinotermes canalifrons'' *'' Prorhinotermes flavus'' *'' Prorhinotermes hainanensis'' *'' Prorhinotermes inopinatus'' *'' Prorhinotermes molinoi'' *'' Prorhinotermes oceanicus'' *'' Prorhinotermes ponapensis'' *'' Prorhinotermes rugifer'' *''Prorhinotermes simplex ''Prorhinotermes simplex'', the Cuban subterranean termite, is a species of lower termite in the genus ''Prorhinotermes''. It is found in Colombia. Like others in its genus, it is a single-site nesting termite that moves to a new food source whe ...'' *'' Prorhinotermes spectabilis'' *'' Prorhinotermes xishaensis'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17627198 Rhinotermitidae Termite genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoptera
Termites are small insects that live in colonies and have distinct castes (eusocial) and feed on wood or other dead plant matter. Termites comprise the infraorder Isoptera, or alternatively the epifamily Termitoidae, within the order Blattodea (along with cockroaches). Termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from cockroaches, as they are deeply nested within the group, and the sister group to wood eating cockroaches of the genus ''Cryptocercus''. Previous estimates suggested the divergence took place during the Jurassic or Triassic. More recent estimates suggest that they have an origin during the Late Jurassic, with the first fossil records in the Early Cretaceous. About 3,106 species are currently described, with a few hundred more left to be described. Although these insects are often called "white ants", they are not ants, and are not closely related to ants. Like ants and some bees an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinotermitidae
Rhinotermitidae is a family of termites (Isoptera). They feed on wood and can cause extensive damage to buildings or other wooden structures. About 345 species are recognized, among these are severe pests such as '' Coptotermes formosanus'', ''Coptotermes gestroi'', and ''Reticulitermes flavipes''. Subfamilies and Genera WikiSpecies and the ''Termite CatalogueTermite Catalogue (retrieved 12 July 2019)' list the following: Coptotermitinae Auth.: Holmgren, 1910 * ''Coptotermes'' Heterotermitinae Auth.: Froggatt, 1897 (synonym Leucotermitinae Holmgren, 1910a) * ''Heterotermes'' * ''Reticulitermes'' * '' Tsaitermes'' Prorhinotermitinae Auth.: Quennedey & Deligne, 1975 * ''Prorhinotermes'' Psammotermitinae Auth.: Holmgren, 1911 (Note: Holmgren included this taxon in "family Mesotermitidae") * '' Psammotermes'' Rhinotermitinae Auth.: Froggatt, 1897 * '' Acorhinotermes'' * '' Dolichorhinotermes'' * '' Macrorhinotermes'' * '' Parrhinotermes'' * ''Rhinotermes'' * ''Schedorhinotermes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
