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Nikola Stanjević
Nikola Stanjević ( sr-Cyrl, Никола Стањевић, fl. 1355–1366) was a magnate who served Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55) as ''veliki vojvoda'' (general), and who was still alive during the rule of Emperor Uroš V (r. 1355–71), when in 1366 the Emperor confirmed the ''metochion'' of his endowment, the Konče Church, dedicated to St. Stephen, near Radovište, to the Hilandar monastery. He held a province in northern Macedonia, around Skopje. He is an ancestor of Nikola Pavlović "Gefalija" and the Stanjević brotherhood in Montenegro. He is the founder of the Stanjevići Monastery on the southern slopes of Mount Lovćen, overlooking Budva. Gospel Nikola had a gospel book written and illustrated by monk Feoktist, which he donated to the Hilandar monastery of Mount Athos. The book is now called the "Tetravangelion of Nikola Stanjević", found in London at the British Museum, collection No. 154. See also *Teodosije the Hilandarian (1246-1328), one of the mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Dušan
Stefan Uroš IV Dušan ( sr-Cyrl, Стефан Урош IV Душан, ), known as Dušan the Mighty ( sr, / ; circa 1308 – 20 December 1355), was the King of Serbia from 8 September 1331 and Tsar (or Emperor) and autocrat of the Serbs, Greeks (or Romans), Albanians and Bulgarians from 16 April 1346 until his death in 1355. Dušan conquered a large part of southeast Europe, becoming one of the most powerful monarchs of the era. Under Dušan's rule, Serbia was the major power in the Balkans, and an Eastern Orthodox multi-ethnic and multi-lingual empire that stretched from the Danube in the north to the Gulf of Corinth in the south, with its capital in Skopje. He enacted the constitution of the Serbian Empire, known as Dušan's Code, perhaps the most important literary work of medieval Serbia. Dušan promoted the Serbian Church from an archbishopric to a patriarchate, finished the construction of the Visoki Dečani Monastery (now a UNESCO site), and founded the monastery of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elder Grigorije
Elder Grigorije ( sr, Старац Григорије; 1310–55) was a Serbian Orthodox clergyman and writer. Grigorije hailed from the Prizren region, and was a nobleman in the Serbian Empire until he took monastic vows and received the monastic title of ''elder'' (''starac''). Together with monk Jakov of Serres he led the building of the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren, the endowment of Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55), and became the first ''hegumen''. Grigorije and monk Teodosije of Hilandar together left Mount Athos for Serbia where they would write the „Žitije svetog Petra Koriškog“, as well as songs and services for the Saint. It is thought that he was one of the protégés of Gregory of Sinai, and there exists indications that he is the so-called "Danilo's pupil" (''Danilov učenik''), i.e. the main author of the great work ''Žitija kraljeva i arhiepiskopa srpskih'', which was started by Archbishop Danilo II (s. 1324–37). See also *Teodosije the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Serbian Nobility
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From The Serbian Empire
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaija The Monk
Isaija the Monk ( sr, Инок Исаија or in English: Inok Isaija; ca. 1300–after 1375), also known as Elder Isaija (Elder Isaiah) () and Isaija of Serres (Elder Isaiah of Serres) (), was a 14th-century Serbian monk, one of many Serbian monk-scribes in the Middle Ages who translated ancient Greek manuscripts into the Serbian recension of Old Church Slavonic. His major work is the translation of the works of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite from Byzantine Greek. Isaija's commentaries on political events occur in the context of the fall of the Serbian principality of Serres in 1371, which led the descendants of these local governors to accept Ottoman suzerainty. As a young boy, Isaija joined the monastic life of the Serbian Orthodox Church affiliated to St. Joachim of Osogovo Monastery on Osogovo Mountain in northern Macedonia, and then to Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos in Greece, where he spent the rest of his life. In Hilandar, he worked as a translator and became very ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory Tsamblak
Gregory Tsamblak or Grigorij Camblak ( bg, Григорий Цамблак, sr-Cyr, Григорије Цамблак; c. 1365–1420) was a Bulgarian writer and cleric. He was the pretended Metropolitan of Lithuania between 1413 and 1420. A Bulgarian noble, Tsamblak lived and worked in Bulgaria, but also in Medieval Serbia and Kievan Rus'. His literary works represent a heritage of the national literature of Serbia, particularly the style of Old Serbian ''Vita'' made popular in the monasteries of the 12th century. Life He was born in Tarnovo, the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire, the son of a rich family. His cousin was Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev. Tsamblak was a disciple of the prominent Bulgarian hesychast writer Patriarch Evtimiy of Bulgaria. Bulgaria fell under Ottoman domination following the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars. Following this, he emigrated first to Constantinople, then became presbyter of the Church of Wallachia and Moldavia. He then went to Serbia where he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyprian, Metropolitan Of Kiev
Cyprian ( bg, Киприан, russian: Киприан, be, Кіпрыян, uk, Кипріан) (c. 1336 – 16 September 1406) was the Metropolitan of Kiev, Russia and Lithuania (2 December 1375–12 February 1376) and the Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus' (12 February 1376–16 September 1406) in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. During both periods, he was opposed by rival hierarchs and by the Grand Prince of Moscow. He was known as a bright opinion writer, editor, translator, and book copyist.Shabuldo, F. Cyprian (КИПРІЯН)'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2007 He is commemorated by the Russian Orthodox Church on May 27 and September 16 (by the Old style). Early life Cyprian was a clergyman of Bulgarian origin. He is supposed to have been born in aristocratic family of Tsamblak from the capital Tarnovo. After his upbringing, education, and worldview, he was a hesychast. As a young man Cyprian studied at Kilifarevo, just south of Tarnovo, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine Of Kostenets
Constantine of Kostenets ( bg, Константин Костенечки, Konstantin Kostenechki; born ca. 1380, died after 1431), also known as Constantine the Philosopher ( sr, Константин Филозоф), was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and chronicler, who spent most of his life in the Serbian Despotate. He is best known for his biography of Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević, which George Ostrogorsky described as "the most important historical work of old Serbian literature",Ostrogorsky, ''History of the Byzantine State'', translated by Joan Hussey, revised edition, (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1969), p. 471 and for writing the first Serbian philological study, ''Skazanije o pismenah'' (A History on the Letters). He followed the writing style of the Old Serbian ''vita'', first made popular in the Serbian scriptoria of the 12th century. Biography Constantine was born in Bulgaria, probably in Kostenets. In his youth, he attended school in the capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel The Hilandarian
Gabriel the Hilandarian ( 1359–d. after 1412) was a Serbian monk- scribe. There is very little information available about Gabriel the Hilandarian, like most modest monks who lived in the 14th and early 15th century. It is known that he translated Olympiodorus the Younger's commentary on the Book of Job from Greek in 1411–12. The manuscript is now held at the State Historical Museum in Moscow. In his younger days, Gabriel resided and worked at the Resava (Manasija) Monastery, built between 1407 and 1418 by Despot Stefan Lazarević. According to Constantine of Kostenets, Resava was built specifically as a centre for the followers of the Hesychasm movement, showing that Stefan held them in great esteem. Stefan endowed Resava generously with icons and books, and established a scriptorium and a translation school within the monastery. Old texts were corrected and copied and many were translated from Hebrew, Greek, Old Armenian, Old Georgian, Coptic, Syriac, and Old Latin. Among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miroslav Gospel
Miroslav Gospel ( sr, Мирослављево jеванђеље / Miroslavljevo jevanđelje, ) is a 362-page Serbian illuminated manuscript Gospel Book on parchment with very rich decorations. It is one of the oldest surviving documents written in the Serbian recension of Church Slavonic. The gospel is considered a masterpiece of illustration and calligraphy. During Saint Sava's time, a Serbian ''Prophliestologion'' (Cod. 313), a Novgorod Sticherarion (Cod. 301), and Kiev Irmologion (Cod. 308 with Old Church Slavonic musical neumatic notation were also found in the same place as Hilandar Fragments from the 10th and early 11th century (now in Odessa). It is presumed that both Miroslav Gospel and Vukan's Gospel reached Hilandar at the same. Origin and discovery Miroslav's Gospel was commissioned in the 12th century (in the year 1180) by Miroslav, the ruler (''knez'') of Hum and the brother of Stefan Nemanja, the Grand Prince of Serbia. The first to discover and study the manu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachomius The Serb
Pachomius the Serb (russian: Пахомий Серб, sr, Пахомије Србин), also known as Pachomius Logothetes, russian: Пахомий Логофет, el, Παχώμιος Λογοθέτης) was a 15th-century Serbian hagiographer who, after taking monastic vows, was schooled on Mount Athos and mastered the ornate style of medieval Serbian literature.G. M. Prokhorov, “Pakhomii Serb,” in D. S. Likhachev, ''Slovar’ knizhnikov i knizhnosti Drevnei Rusi'', vol. 2, Pervaia polovina XIV-XVI v., pt. 2. He is credited by the Russian Early Texts Society for the Serbian version of Barlaam and Josaphat from Old Greek. In the 1450s and 1460s he resided at the Trinity Monastery of St. Sergius north of Moscow. One of his major undertakings was a Russian translation of the New Testament. In about 1470 Archbishop Jonas (Iona) asked him to settle in Novgorod where he prepared a set of the lives of local saints. It has been suggested that ''The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lazar The Hilandarian
Lazar ( sr, Лазар, russian: Лазарь), also known as Lazar the Serb or Lazar the Hilandarian ( fl. 1404), was a Serbian Orthodox monk-scribe and horologist who invented and built the first known mechanical public clock in Russia in 1404. The clock, which also struck the hours, was built at the request of Grand Prince Vasily I of Moscow (r. 1389–1425). Prior to his arrival in Moscow, Lazar had served as a monk in the Serbian Hilandar monastery at Mount Athos. The clock tower was located in the palace behind the Cathedral of the Annunciation. However, the clock and the church in which it was located have not survived. Life A Serb, Lazar was born in the town of Prizren, in the Serbian Empire. He was a monk with the rank of ''crnorizac'' ( sr, црноризац, russian: чернец, ''černec'') serving at the Serbian Orthodox Hilandar monastery, a centre of Serbian religious and secular culture and "the first Serbian university", located on Mount Athos. Lazar likely l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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