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National Federation Of Agricultural Workers (Italy)
The National Federation of Agricultural Workers ( it, Federazione Nazionale fra i Lavoratori della Terra, Federterra) was a trade union representing rural workers in Italy. The union was founded in Bologna on 23 November 1901, and brought together 758 local unions, with a total of 152,000 members, the vast majority in the north of Italy. It grew quickly, having 220,000 members by the end of 1902, and 900,000 by the end of World War I. In the north of the country, it mostly recruited agricultural labourers, but in the central areas, most of its members were sharecroppers, and in the south, it recruited all workers in rural areas and smaller towns. In 1905, Argentina Altobelli was appointed as the union's national secretary, an almost unique example of a woman leading a major trade union open to both men and women in this period. Under her leadership, the union affiliated to the new General Confederation of Labour. The National Federation of Agricultural Co-operatives was foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (such as holiday, health care, and retirement), improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The delegate staff of the trade union representation in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members in democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its metropolitan area is home to more than 1,000,000 people. It is known as the Fat City for its rich cuisine, and the Red City for its Spanish-style red tiled rooftops and, more recently, its leftist politics. It is also called the Learned City because it is home to the oldest university in the world. Originally Etruscan, the city has been an important urban center for centuries, first under the Etruscans (who called it ''Felsina''), then under the Celts as ''Bona'', later under the Romans (''Bonōnia''), then again in the Middle Ages, as a free municipality and later ''signoria'', when it was among the largest European cities by population. Famous for its towers, churches and lengthy porticoes, Bologna has a well-preserved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharecropper
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range of different situations and types of agreements that have used a form of the system. Some are governed by tradition, and others by law. The Italian ''mezzadria'', the French ''métayage'', the Catalan '' masoveria'', the Castilian ''mediero'', the Slavic ''połowcy'' and ''izdolshchina'', and the Islamic system of ''muzara‘a'' (المزارعة), are examples of legal systems that have supported sharecropping. Overview Sharecropping has benefits and costs for both the owners and the tenant. Under a sharecropping system, the landowner provided a share of land to be worked by the sharecropper, and usually provided other necessities such as housing, tools, seed, or working animals. Local merchants usually provided food and other supplies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina Altobelli
Argentina Altobelli (2 July 1866 – 26 September 1942) was an Italian trade unionist, the first woman to lead a trade union in the country. Born in Imola as Argentina Bonetti, Altobelli joined a youth group while in Parma, led by Agostino Berenini, in support of the views of Giuseppe Mazzini. She met Andrea Costa and was inspired to become a socialist. She moved to Bologna and married Abdon Altobelli, a fellow socialist. She organised a trade union for women workers, and was elected to the executive of the trades council. In 1901, Altobelli was a founder member of the National Federation of Agricultural Workers (Federterra), and in 1906, she was elected as its national secretary, the first woman to lead an Italian trade union representing both men and women. She attended the International Women's Congress in Amsterdam in 1904, as a delegate of the Italian Women's Alliance. She also joined the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), and in 1908 was elected to the party's executiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Confederation Of Labour (Italy)
General Confederation of Labour ( it, Confederazione Generale del Lavoro, CGdL) was an Italian labor union, founded in 1906, under the initiative of socialist militants. Having survived the Fascist dictatorship and the Second World War as an underground organization, the CGL joined the cross-party CGIL labor federation in 1945. History Founding The Confederazione Generale del Lavoro was founded 1 October 1906 but its formation goes back to the first Camera del Lavoro (Workers' Hall) begun in Milan in 1891, and to the founding of its largest constituent unions (especially the FIOM national metal workers' union created in 1901). The CGdL's first secretary was the Reformist Socialist Rinaldo Rigola (1906–1918). It affiliated to the International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres. Growth and decline In the first few years, membership of the federation grew rapidly, reaching 383,770 in 1911. It then fell, but boomed at the end of World War I, and by 1920 had reache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Socialist Party
The Italian Socialist Party (, PSI) was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parties of the country. Founded in Genoa in 1892, the PSI dominated the Italian left until after World War II, when it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party. The Socialists came to special prominence in the 1980s, when their leader Bettino Craxi, who had severed the residual ties with the Soviet Union and re-branded the party as " liberal-socialist", served as Prime Minister (1983–1987). The PSI was disbanded in 1994 as a result of the ''Tangentopoli'' scandals. The party has had a series of legal successors: the Italian Socialists (1994–1998), the Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007) and the Italian Socialist Party (since 2007, originally "Socialist Party"). These parties have never reached the popularity of the old PSI. Socialist leading members and voters h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian General Confederation Of Labour
The Italian General Confederation of Labour (; CGIL) is a national trade union based in Italy. It was formed by agreement between socialists, communists, and Christian democrats in the "Pact of Rome" of June 1944. In 1950, socialists and Christian democrats split forming UIL and CISL, and since then the CGIL has been influenced by the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and until recent years by its political heirs: the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), the Democrats of the Left (DS) and currently the Democratic Party (PD). It has been the most important Italian trade union since its creation. It has a membership of over 5.5 million. Along with the decline of membership within its political counterpart, the Democratic Party (PD), its membership is in steep decline since 2013, with the percentage of pensioners in constant rise. On 1 July 2015, the number of working adults reached a ceiling at 2.185.099. The CGIL is currently the second-largest trade union in Europe, after the Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Federation Of Sharecroppers
The National Federation of Sharecroppers ( it, Federazione Nazionale Coloni e Mezzadri, Federmezzadri) was a trade union representing agricultural workers who farmed a piece of land in exchange for paying a share of their income to its owner. From 1901, the National Federation of Agricultural Workers (Federterra) represented all agricultural workers. It was affiliated to the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL), which was keen for the union to distinguish between agricultural labourers and sharecroppers, due to their differing rights and economic positions. In 1947, the National Federation of Sharecroppers was split out of Federterra, becoming a distinct union which affiliated to both Federterra and CGIL. Officially founded at a conference in Siena Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Federation Of Italian Agricultural Labourers And Employees
The National Federation of Italian Agricultural Labourers and Employees ( it, Federazione Nazionale Braccianti e Salariati Agricoli, Federbraccianti) was a trade union representing agricultural workers in Italy. The union was founded in 1948, as a split from the National Federation of Agricultural Workers. It affiliated to the Italian General Confederation of Labour, and internationally, to the Trade Union International of Agricultural, Forestry and Plantation Workers The Trade Union International of Agricultural, Forestry and Plantation Workers was a trade union international affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions. History The TUI was founded at a conference in Warsaw, People's Republic of Pola ..., in which it provided much of the leadership. By 1954, it claimed 1,084,116 members. The union campaigned with other organisations for improved pay and working conditions, and in the 1970s it achieved equalisation of welfare and social security with industrial wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilio Bosi
Ilio Bosi (4 October 1903 – 5 December 1995) was an Italian communist politician and trade unionist. Born in Ferrara, Bosi joined the Italian Socialist Party in 1920 and was then a founder member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). In 1924, he joined the central committee of the Italian Communist Youth Federation, and began undertaking underground work in southern Italy for the party. In 1926, he was appointed as the party's secretary for Sicily and Calabria, but he was arrested soon afterwards, and sentenced to ten years in prison. Bosi was released in the early 1930s, but was re-arrested in 1934, and sentenced to 16 years in prison, being released only after the fall of the fascist government. He then became prominent in the resistance movement in the Comacchio Valleys, then moved to Milan, where he joined the command of the Garibaldi Brigades, and was then appointed to the triumvirate leading the resistance in Liguria. Following the end of World War II, Bosi moved t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
