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Nadahup
The Naduhup languages, also known as Makú (Macú) or ''Vaupés–Japurá'', form a small language family in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. The name '' Makú'' is pejorative, being derived from an Arawakan word meaning "without speech". ''Nadahup'' is an acronym of the constituent languages. The Nadahup family should not be confused with several other languages which go by the name '' Makú''. There are proposals linking this unclassified language with Nadahup, but also with other languages. External relationships Martins (2005: 342–370) groups the Arawakan and Nadahup languages together as part of a proposed Makúan-Arawakan (Nadahup-Arawakan) family, but this proposal has been rejected by Aikhenvald (2006: 237). Epps and Bolaños (2017) accept the unity of the four Nadahup languages, but do not consider Puinave to be related. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawa, Guahibo, and Tupi language families due to contact. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dâw Language
Dâw is a Nadahup language spoken by about one hundred Dâw people in the northwestern part of Amazonas, Brazil, in an area commonly known as Alto Rio Negro. Most Dâw also speak Nheengatu and Portuguese. An extinct variety, ''Kurikuria(r)í'', named after the Curicuriari River, was a distinct language sociolinguistically, but at least partially intelligible with Dâw. Phonology Vowels Dâw has 15 vowels: Vowels are laryngealized when occurring beside a glottal stop, as seen in the examples below. : ''"large mouth"'' : ''"to lack"'' Vowel harmony Vowel harmony in Dâw is seen primarily in two situations: in compounding and with the focus marker , where ''V'' indicates a vowel. When combining two words with the first word having the syllable structure CVC, vowel harmony is not seen, e.g. ''"high"'' + ''"boat"'' = ''"airplane"''. However, when combining two words with the first word having the syllable structure CV, vowel harmony is seen, e.g. ''"canoe"'' + ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadëb Language
Nadëb or Kaburi is a Nadahup language of the Brazilian Amazon, along the Uneiuxi, Japura, and Negro rivers. Various names for it include ''Nadöbö, Xïriwai, Hahöb, Guariba/Wariwa, Kaborí, Anodöub'', sometimes compounded with the term '' Maku'', as in ''Maku do Paraná Boá-Boá'' after one of the rivers in Nadëb territory. Phonology All vowels except for /e, ɤ, o/ have nasalized counterparts. Consonants References External links Nadëb basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Languages of Brazil Nadahup languages Object–subject–verb languages {{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maku People (other)
Maku (Macu, Máku, Mácu, Makú, Macú) or Maco (Mako, Máko, Macó, Makó) is a pejorative term referring to several hunter-gatherer peoples of the upper Amazon, derived from an Arawakan term ''ma-aku'' "do not speak / without speech". Nimuendajú (1950), for example, notes six peoples of Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil that are known as 'Maku'. In linguistic literature, the term refers primarily to: * the Nadahup languages, a small language family in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela, sometimes disambiguated from other Maku languages as ''Makú'' or ''Macú'', though those forms can apply to any of the languages, or as ''Makuan''. Such languages include Hup language, Hup, spoken by Hupda people, Hupda, (''Hupdá Makú'', ''Makú-Hupdá'', ''Macú De'') and Guariba Maku language, Guariba Maku * the closely related Nukak Makú language, Nukak Makú and Kakwa language, Kakwa (''Macu de Cubeo'', ''Macu de Desano'', ''Macu de Guanano'', ''Macú-Paraná'') * the Maku-Auari language, the 'M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arawakan Languages
Arawakan (''Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper''), also known as Maipurean (also ''Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre''), is a language family that developed among ancient indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Almost all present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, the exceptions being Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock. Name The name ''Maipure'' was given to the family by Filippo S. Gilij in 1782, after the Maipure language of Venezuela, which he used as a basis of his comparisons. It was renamed after the culturally more important Arawak language a century later. The term ''Arawak'' took over, until its use was extended by North American scholars to the broader Macro-Arawakan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maku Language
Maku (Macu, Máku, Mácu, Makú, Macú) or Maco (Mako, Máko, Macó, Makó) is a pejorative term referring to several hunter-gatherer peoples of the upper Amazon, derived from an Arawakan term ''ma-aku'' "do not speak / without speech". Nimuendajú (1950), for example, notes six peoples of Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil that are known as 'Maku'. In linguistic literature, the term refers primarily to: * the Nadahup languages, a small language family in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela, sometimes disambiguated from other Maku languages as ''Makú'' or ''Macú'', though those forms can apply to any of the languages, or as ''Makuan''. Such languages include Hup, spoken by Hupda, (''Hupdá Makú'', ''Makú-Hupdá'', ''Macú De'') and Guariba Maku * the closely related Nukak Makú and Kakwa (''Macu de Cubeo'', ''Macu de Desano'', ''Macu de Guanano'', ''Macú-Paraná'') * the Maku-Auari language, the 'Maku' of Roraima and the Auari River, a possible language isolate of Brazil and Vene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arawa Languages
Arawan (also Arahuan, Arauan, Arawán, Arawa, Arauán) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil ( Amazonas, Acre) and Peru (Ucayali). Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Chapakura-Wañam, Jivaro, Kwaza, Maku, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Yanomami, Arawak, Nadahup, Puinave-Kak, and Tupi language families due to contact. Family division Arauan consists of half a dozen languages: * Arawá † * Kulina * Deni * Jamamadi * Paumari * Suruwahá Jolkesky (2016) Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas'. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília. († = extinct) ;Arawa *'' Suruwaha'' *Madi-Deni-Paumari **'' Paumari'' **'' Deni'', '' Kulina'' **Madi-Arawa ***'' Arawa'' † ***Madi: '' Banawa''; '' Jamamadi''; '' Jarawara'' Dienst (2010) Internal classification by Dienst (2010): ;Arawan *'' Arawa'' † *'' Pau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guahibo Languages
Guajiboan (also Guahiban, Wahívoan, Guahiboan) is a language family spoken in the Orinoco River region in eastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela, a savanna region known as the Llanos. Family division Guajiboan consists of 5 languages: * Macaguane (also known as Hitnü, Macaguán, Makawane, Agualinda, Agualinda Guahibo, Támude) * Southwest Guajiboan ** Guayabero (also known as Cunimía, Mítiwa, Mitúa, Mitu, Hiw, Jiw, Wayavero, Guaviare) ** Churuya (also known as Bisanigua, Guaigua) ''(†)'' * Central Guajiboan ** Guajibo (also known as Guahibo, Sikuani, Sicuani, Chiricoa, Hiwi, Jiwi, Jivi, Wahivo, Wahibo, Guaybo, Goahibo, Guaigua, Guayba, Goahiva) *** Waü (west) *** Newütjü (also known as Tigrero) *** Parawá (east) *** Hamorúa (also known as Amorúa, Jamorúa) *** Dome (also known as Playero, Cajaro) ** Cuiva (also known as Wamonae, Cuiba, Kuiba, Deja, Cuiba-Wámonae) *** Pimenepiwi (Meta river) *** Aitopiwi (Ariporo river) *** Yaraüraxi (Capanaparo river) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nukak Language
The Nukak language ( mbr, Guaviare) is a language of uncertain classification, perhaps part of the macrofamily Puinave-Maku. It is very closely related to Kakwa.Gustavo Politis, ''Nukak: Ethnoarchaeology of an Amazonian People,'' Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California (2007) 2009 p.53. Phonology Vowels There are six oral and six nasal vowels. The vowel becomes the labial semivowel in several environments: in postnuclear position (when it appears immediately after the nuclear vowel of a morpheme), before another vowel, and at the beginning of the word or syllable. The semivowel is devoiced (IPA symbol ) if the tone rises and the following vowel is , , . The vowel becomes the palatal semivowel in postnuclear position. Nasalization in Nukak language is a prosodic property of the morpheme that affects all segments within each morpheme except voiceless stops. Each morpheme is either completely nasal or completely oral. Consonants There are eleven consonant phonemes: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakwa Language
The Cacua language, also known as Kakua or Kakwa, is an indigenous language spoken by a few hundred people in Colombia and Brazil. There are many monolinguals, especially children. Apart from being close to or a dialect of Nukak, its classification is uncertain. Overview The language is spoken by indigenous American Cacua akuapeople that live in Colombian and Brazilian interfluvial tropical forests higher than in elevation. The people have traditional livelihoods such as nomadic hunting-gathering and swidden agriculture. There are some non-native speakers of Cacua that are predominantly missionary workers. Their presence has resulted in the translation of religious Christian texts, notably the Christian Bible. Distribution The speakers are located in Wacara (In Cacua: ''Wacará'') which is from Mitu (In Cacua and Spanish: ''Mitú'') in the lower Vaupes Region. (In Spanish: ''Departamento del Vaupés''). A second Kakua settlement is "Nuevo Pueblo" (New Town), which is an in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hupda Language
The Hup language (also called ''Hupdë, Hupdá, Hupdé, Hupdá Makú, Jupdá, Makú, Makú-Hupdá, Makú De, Hupda,'' and ''Jupde'') is one of the four Naduhup languages. It is spoken by the Hupda indigenous Amazonian peoples who live on the border between Colombia and the Brazilian state of Amazonas. There are approximately 1500 speakers of the Hup language. As of 2005, according to Epps, Hup is not seriously endangered – although the actual number of speakers is few, all Hupda children learn Hup as their first language. History Although their territory was the target of forced transferrals throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, due to their isolation, the Naduhup were among the least affected, since they were protected by the geography of their land. They were also the target of several Catholic missions, though those ultimately failed, as the Naduhup refused to send their children to Catholic education centres. Contact with the Tucanoan people, also known as the River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuhup Language
The Hup language (also called ''Hupdë, Hupdá, Hupdé, Hupdá Makú, Jupdá, Makú, Makú-Hupdá, Makú De, Hupda,'' and ''Jupde'') is one of the four Naduhup languages. It is spoken by the Hupda indigenous Amazonian peoples who live on the border between Colombia and the Brazilian state of Amazonas. There are approximately 1500 speakers of the Hup language. As of 2005, according to Epps, Hup is not seriously endangered – although the actual number of speakers is few, all Hupda children learn Hup as their first language. History Although their territory was the target of forced transferrals throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, due to their isolation, the Naduhup were among the least affected, since they were protected by the geography of their land. They were also the target of several Catholic missions, though those ultimately failed, as the Naduhup refused to send their children to Catholic education centres. Contact with the Tucanoan people, also known as the Rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hup Language
The Hup language (also called ''Hupdë, Hupdá, Hupdé, Hupdá Makú, Jupdá, Makú, Makú-Hupdá, Makú De, Hupda,'' and ''Jupde'') is one of the four Naduhup languages. It is spoken by the Hupda indigenous Amazonian peoples who live on the border between Colombia and the Brazilian state of Amazonas. There are approximately 1500 speakers of the Hup language. As of 2005, according to Epps, Hup is not seriously endangered – although the actual number of speakers is few, all Hupda children learn Hup as their first language. History Although their territory was the target of forced transferrals throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, due to their isolation, the Naduhup were among the least affected, since they were protected by the geography of their land. They were also the target of several Catholic missions, though those ultimately failed, as the Naduhup refused to send their children to Catholic education centres. Contact with the Tucanoan people, also known as the Rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |