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Muwatalli II
:''See also Muwatalli I'' Muwatalli II (also Muwatallis, or Muwatallish) was a king of the New Kingdom of the Hittite empire c. 1295–1282 (middle chronology) and 1295–1272 BC in the short chronology. Biography He was the eldest son of Mursili II and Queen Gassulawiya, and he had several siblings. He is best known for relocating the Hittite capital to Tarhuntassa, appointing his brother Hattusili as governor in Hattusa, and fighting Ramesses II in the Battle of Kadesh. A copy of a treaty has been recovered between him and Alaksandu, ruler of Wilusa (Troy), one of the Arzawa lands. Egyptologists suspect that some time prior to Ramesses II's accession to the Egyptian throne, Muwattalli had reached an informal peace treaty or understanding with Seti I over Kadesh to avoid a clash between the two powers over control of Syria. In it, Seti effectively ceded Kadesh to the Hittite king in order to focus on domestic issues in Egypt. Muwatalli had a wife named Tanu-Ḫepa and at le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muwatalli I
:''See also Muwatalli II'' Muwatalli I was a king of the Hittites. Biography Muwatalli killed his predecessor Huzziya II. He was the Chief of the Royal Bodyguard of Huzziya, but later he killed him. He may have been Huzziya's younger brother. Muwatalli's Chief of the Royal Bodyguard was called Muwa. Muwattalli himself was killed in a palace by Himuili, the Chief of the Palace Servants, and Kantuzili, the Overseer of the Gold Chariot A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power. The oldest known chariots have been found in burials of the Sintashta culture in modern-day Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, dated to c. 2000&nbs ... Fighters. His wife was called Walanni.''The Tawananna in the Hittite kingdom'' by Shoshana R. Bin-Nun External linksReign of Muwatalli I at Hittites.info Sources {{Authority control Hittite kings 15th-century BC rulers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilusa
Wilusa ( hit, ) or Wilusiya was a Late Bronze Age city in western Anatolia known from references in fragmentary Hittites, Hittite records. The city is notable for its identification with the archaeological site of Troy, and thus its potential connection to the legendary Trojan War. Identification with Troy Wilusa has been identified with the archaeological site of Troy. This correspondence was first proposed in 1924 by Emil Forrer, who also suggested that the name Ahhiyawa corresponds to the Homeric term for the Greeks, ''Achaeans_(Homer), Achaeans''. Forrer's work was primarily motivated by linguistic similarities, since "Wilusa" and the associated placename "Taruisa" show striking parallels to the Greek names "Wilios" and "Troia" respectively. Subsequent research on Hittite geography has lent these identifications additional support and they are now generally accepted by scholars, though they are not regarded as firmly established. One alternative hypothesis proposes that Wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danuhepa
Tanuhepa (''Danuhepa''; fl. 1300 BCE) was queen of the Hittite Empire, as the second wife of Muršili II. During the reign of the next Hittite king, her stepson Muwatalli II, she was put on trial and probably banished. However she was reinstated during the reign of the following king, Mursili III. She came from a Hurrian The Hurrians (; cuneiform: ; transliteration: ''Ḫu-ur-ri''; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri or Hurriter) were a people of the Bronze Age Near East. They spoke a Hurrian language and lived in Anatolia, Syria and Northern ... background. Bryce, Trevor ''The Kingdom of the Hittites'' pp. 264-26/ref> References Hittite queens Hurrians 14th-century BC women {{AncientNearEast-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhenaten
Akhenaten (pronounced ), also spelled Echnaton, Akhenaton, ( egy, ꜣḫ-n-jtn ''ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy'', , meaning "Effective for the Aten"), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Before the fifth year of his reign, he was known as Amenhotep IV ( egy, jmn-ḥtp, links=no, meaning "Amun is satisfied", Hellenized as ''Amenophis IV''). As a pharaoh, Akhenaten is noted for abandoning Egypt's traditional polytheism and introducing Atenism, or worship centered around Aten. The views of Egyptologists differ as to whether the religious policy was absolutely monotheistic, or whether it was monolatry, syncretistic, or henotheistic. This culture shift away from traditional religion was reversed after his death. Akhenaten's monuments were dismantled and hidden, his statues were destroyed, and his name excluded from lists of rulers compiled by later pharaohs. Traditional religious practice was gradually restored, not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Itamar Singer
Itamar Singer (November 26, 1946 – September 19, 2012) was an Israeli author and historian of Jewish-Romanian origin. He is known for his research of the Ancient Near East and as a leading Hittitologist, pioneering the study of this ancient Anatolians culture in Israel and elucidating the tensions which brought about its demise. Personal background Itamar Singer was born on November 26, 1946, in Dej, in the multiethnic Transylvanian region of Romania. He was the son of Zoltán and Gertrude Singer. The Hungarian-speaking family moved to Cluj (''Kolozsvár'') when Singer was five years old. They relocated to Israel in 1958, where they settled in the new town of Holon. Singer married Argentinean-born Egyptologist, Dr. Graciela Noemi Gestoso. Career He studied for his bachelor's degree in archaeology and geography at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem graduating in 1968 and then went on to pursue his masters at Tel Aviv while fulfilling his national service obligation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piyama-Radu
Piyamaradu (also spelled ''Piyama-Radu'', ''Piyama Radu'', ''Piyamaradus'', ''Piyamaraduš'') was a warlord mentioned in Hittite documents from the middle and late 13th century BC. As an ally of the Ahhiyawa, he led or supported insurrections against the Hittites in Western Anatolia. His history is of particular interest since his area of activity may have included Wilusa, thus suggesting a potential connection to the myth of the Trojan War. Meaning of the name The name appears to be a compound with Luwian ''piyama'' "gift" as its first part. Other Luwian names containing the same word are attested, such as Piyama-Kurunta. The second part of the word was earlier believed to be an unknown theonym *''Radu'', but since Luwian words do not start with an ''r'', it must be ''aradu'', which may be a noun meaning "devotee", derived "from *''arada-'' 'religious community (vel sim.)', itself a derivative of *''ara-'' 'associate' (cf. Hittite ''ara-'' 'id.'). The identity and exploits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaskians
The Kaska (also Kaška, later Tabalian Kasku and Gasga,) were a loosely affiliated Bronze Age non-Indo-European tribal people, who spoke the unclassified Kaskian language and lived in mountainous East Pontic Anatolia, known from Hittite sources. They lived in the mountainous region between the core Hittite region in eastern Anatolia and the Black Sea, and are cited as the reason that the later Hittite Empire never extended northward to that area. They are sometimes identified with the Caucones known from Greek records. Early history The Kaska, probably originating from the eastern shore of the Propontis,Toumanoff, Cyril (1967). ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', pp. 55–56. Georgetown University Press. may have displaced the speakers of the Palaic language from their home in Pala. The Kaska first appear in the Hittite prayer inscriptions that date from the reign of Hantili II, c. 1450 BC, and make references to their movement into the ruins of the holy city of Neri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḫattušili III
Hattusili III ( Hittite: "from Hattusa") was king of the Hittite empire (New Kingdom) c. 1267–1237 BC (short chronology timeline)., pp.xiii-xiv Early life and family Much of what is known about the childhood of Hattusili III is gathered from a biographical account, written on a stone tablet during his reign, referred to as the ''Apology''. Hattusili III was born the youngest of four children to the Hittite king Mursili II and queen Gassulawiya. According to Hattusili III himself, he was an ill and sickly child who was initially expected not to survive to adulthood. Hattusili III credited the goddess Ishtar with saving his life during this period, and would remain an ardent patron of Ishtar indefinitely. Due to his place as the youngest son, Hattusili III did not become king after the death of his father. Instead his older brother Muwattalli II ascended the throne. Before becoming king, Hattusili III married Puduhepa, a priestess of Ishtar, who later became an importan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudhaliya I
Tudhaliya is the name of several Hittite kings: *Tudhaliya (also Tudhaliya I) is a hypothetic pre-Empire king of the Hittites. He would have reigned in the late 17th century BC (short chronology). Forlanini (1993) conjectures that this king corresponds to the great-grandfather of Hattusili I. *Tudhaliya I (also Tudhaliya II), ruled c. 1430 to 1400 BC *Tudhaliya II (also Tudhaliya III), ruled c. in the 1380s BC *Tudhaliya III (also "Tudhaliya the child") may have briefly ruled around 1358 BC. *Tudhaliya IV ruled around 1237 BC. *Tudhaliya, Neo-Hittite king of Carchemish, fl. c. 1100 BC In the Bible Some biblical scholars suggested that ''Tidal, king of Nations'', who is mentioned in the Book of Genesis 14 as having joined Chedorlaomer in attacking rebels in Canaan is based on one of the Tudhaliyas.'' Peake's commentary on the Bible'' (1962) See also * History of the Hittites The Hittites () were an Anatolian peoples, Anatolian people who played an important role in estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maathorneferure
Maathorneferure was an ancient Egyptian queen, the Great Royal Wife of Ramesses II. Family Maathorneferure was a daughter of the Hittite king Hattusili III and his wife, Queen Puduhepa. She was the sister of the crown prince Nerikkaili of Hatti and the sister of the later Hittite king Tudhaliya IV. Maathorneferure was married to the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 34th year of his reign, becoming the King's Great Wife. Her original name is unknown, but her Egyptian name translates as "One who sees Horus, the invisible splendor of Ra". Life Egypt and the Hittite empire had been increasingly at odds since the demise of the kingdom of the Mitanni, and Maathorneferure's marriage to the Egyptian king was the conclusion of the peace process which had begun with the signing of a peace treaty thirteen years earlier. On the Marriage Stela it is claimed that "The daughter of the great chief of Kheta marched in rontof the army .. The Hittite princess le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurunta
Kurunta (Cuneiform: ) was younger son of the early 13th century BC Hittite king Muwatalli II and cousin of Tudhaliya IV. Kurunta was thereby a Hittite prince and king of Tarhuntassa country. It has been suggested that he may have captured the Hittite capital for a very short time during the reign of the Hittite king Tuthaliya IV and declared himself a great king. Name His Luwian name ''Kurunta'' was after one of the patron gods in the Hittite pantheon. As is customary for late Hittite princes, the Kurunta had also a Hurrian name ''Ulmi-Teššup'' (spelled also''Ulmi-Teshup"''). The names of the gods and the monarchs are derived from a Proto-Indo-European root ''*ker-'', meaning 'head', 'horn'. In the Anatolian branch, the root originated Hittite ''kara=war-'' and Cuneiform Luwian ''zarwaniya'' ('pertaining to horn'). Life Most of the information about Kurunta is known from two treaties concluded between Hittite state and kingdom of Tarhuntassa. His name is also mentioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadesh (Syria)
Kadesh, or Qadesh, was an ancient city of the Levant on or near the headwaters or a ford of the Orontes River. It was of some importance during the Late Bronze Age and is mentioned in the Amarna letters. It was the site of the Battle of Kadesh between the Hittite and Egyptian empires in the 13th century BC. Name and location The name is from the West Semitic ( Canaanite) root Q-D-Š "holy". It is rendered ''Qdšw'' in Egyptian and ''Kadeš'' in Hittite. Akkadian spelling variants include ''Kinza, Kidša, Gizza''.A. B. Lloyd, ''Herodotus'', 1993p. 162 Kadesh is identified with the ruins at Tell Nebi Mend, about southwest of Homs near al-Qusayr and adjacent to the modern-day Syrian village of Tell al-Nabi Mando. The text of the Kadesh inscriptions locates Kadesh as being near Tunip in the land of the Amurru, itself assumed to have been near the Orontes River (perhaps at Tell Salhab). Some scholars also identify Kadesh with the city of ''Kadytis'' (Καδύτις in Greek) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
