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Mukhsha
Mukhshi ( tt-Latn, Muxşa, , , , mdf, νορονσαστ, Noronshasht, IPA noronʲʃɑʃtʲ}, Turki: ﻥﺭﻥﺝﺍﻁ, Nurinjat IPA urinˈdʒɑt) was the capital city of Murunza and capital of Golden Horde in 14th century during the reign of Öz Beg Khan and his official residence. It was the administrative center of Mukhsha Ulus and one of the Golden Horde centres of coinage. In the 15th century the city lost its importance and declined. The ruins (buildings of bricks, stone baths, Muslim graves) are situated in Penza Oblast near the modern town of Narovchat in the upper stream of Moksha River. History Early history Noronshasht was the capital of Medieval Moksha kingdom Murunza. Russian Laurentian Codex mentions the name of the king Puresh. Noronshasht was conquered by Batu Khan in 1237. Foundation and name The city foundation date is unknown. The archeological findings confirmed the first city population was Moksha. According to Iosif Cherapkin the first name of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukhsha Ulus
Mukhsha Ulus ( tt-Cyrl, Мухша олысы}, , ), or Naruchat Duchy ( tt-Cyrl, Наручат бәклегел, , ; mdf, Мурунза, ''Murunza''; cu, Нароучадская орда, ''Naruchad Horde'') was a subdivision of Golden Horde in Middle Mokshaland, modern Mordovia, Penza Oblast and Tambov Oblast of Russia in 13th-15th centuries with the capital in Mukhsha. Population was mainly Mokshas, Mişär Tatars, and Burtas. In 1313–1367 years coined own money. Population was mostly agricultural. Some were cattle-breeders and craftsmen. The main territory of the ''ulus'' (district) was situated between rivers Sura and Tsna. History The territory of the Medieval Moksha kingdom Murunza was conquered by Batu Khan in 1237 In Latin sources mentioned as Moxel (Mokshaland). Russian Laurentian Codex mentions the name of the Moksha king, Puresh. In 1313-1342 Mukhsha became the administrative center of Mukhsha Ulus and residence of Öz Beg Khan. In 1395 it suffered the ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puresh
Puresh ( mdf, Пуреш, Puresh, pureh brewing time born) was a Moksha Kanazor, ruler of Kingdom Moxel in ( Middle Volga) mentioned in Russians sources as Murunza. He was an ally of Russian Grand Prince Yuri II of Vladimir and of the Cuman Khan Köten against the Volga Bulgars and Erzyas in the 1230s. War For Kadoma European Campaign In September 1237 the Mongols invaded Moksha kingdom Moxel). Puresh became a vassal of Batu Khan and joined Mongol army in the European campaign. Puresh's warriors became the vanguard of the Mongol army and took part in the seizure of Kiev, Sandomierz and Zawichost. Massacre before Battle of Legnica Puresh secretly met with the High Duke of Poland, Henry II the Pious, on 8 April 1241, one day before the Battle of Legnica, and they agreed that the Moksha army would join the Silesia and Greater Poland. Subutai uncovered the plot and Puresh, his son Atämaz and many Moksha warriors were killed while sleeping after midnight on 9 April 1241. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Özbeg Khan
Sultan Giyas al-Din Mohammed Öz Beg ( tt-Arab, , translit=Giyasuddin Möxämmät Üzbäk Xan), better known as Uzbeg, Uzbek or Ozbeg (1282–1341), was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde (1313–1341), under whose rule the state reached its zenith. He was succeeded by his son Tini Beg. He was the son of Toghrilcha and grandson of Mengu-Timur, who had been khan of the Golden Horde from 1267 to 1280. Hence, he was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Öz Beg Khan moved his residence to Mukhsha (today a village of Narovchat in Penza Oblast). Coronation and conversion to Islam by the horde Öz Beg's father Togrilcha was one of the Genghisid princes that overthrew Tode-Mengu (r. 1280–1287). Later, he was executed by his brother Toqta (1291–1312). Toqta took Togrilcha's widow for wife and sent his son Öz Beg to exile in a distant region of the Golden Horde: either Khorazm or the country of Circassians. Converted to Islam by Ibn Abdul Hamid, a Sunni Sufi Bukh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narovchat, Narovchatsky District, Penza Oblast
Narovchat (russian: Наровча́т, mdf, Норзяд) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Narovchatsky District, Penza Oblast, Russia. Population: Notable residents *Mikhail Frinovsky (1898–1940), deputy head of the NKVD in the years of the Great Purge *Aleksandr Kuprin (1870–1938), writer of novels References Notes See also Mukhsha Mukhshi ( tt-Latn, Muxşa, , , , mdf, νορονσαστ, Noronshasht, IPA noronʲʃɑʃtʲ}, Turki: ﻥﺭﻥﺝﺍﻁ, Nurinjat IPA urinˈdʒɑt) was the capital city of Murunza and capital of Golden Horde in 14th century during the reig ... Sources * * {{Authority control Rural localities in Penza Oblast Narovchatsky Uyezd Narovchatsky District ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1915
Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *January 1 ** WWI: British Royal Navy battleship HMS ''Formidable'' is sunk off Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, by an Imperial German Navy U-boat, with the loss of 547 crew. ** Battle of Broken Hill: A train ambush near Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the Ottoman Empire) who are killed, together with 4 civilians. * January 5 – Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft. * January 12 ** The United States House of Representatives rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote. ** '' A Fool There Was'' premières in the United States, starring Theda Bara as a '' femme fatale''; she quickly become ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirham
The dirham, dirhem or dirhm ( ar, درهم) is a silver unit of currency historically and currently used by several Arab and Arab influenced states. The term has also been used as a related unit of mass. Unit of mass The dirham was a unit of weight used across North Africa, the Middle East, Persia and Ifat; later known as Adal, with varying values. The value of Islamic dirham was 14 qirat, 10 dirham = 7 mithqal, in Islamic law (2.975 gm of silver). In the late Ottoman Empire ( ota, درهم), the standard dirham was 3.207 g; 400 dirhem equal one oka. The Ottoman dirham was based on the Sasanian drachm (in Middle Persian: ''drahm''), which was itself based on the Roman dram/drachm. In Egypt in 1895, it was equivalent to 47.661 troy grains (3.088 g). There is currently a movement within the Islamic world to revive the dirham as a unit of mass for measuring silver, although the exact value is disputed (either 3 or 2.975 grams). History The word "dirham" ultimately ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pūl (coin)
Pūl (Russian: , Tatar: پول) was a historical Russian currency that circulated in Russian Turkestan. Pūls were used in Golden Horde, Afghanistan, Bukhara, Chagatai Khanate, Kokand Khanate, Dzungar Khanate, and other Eurasian principalities, it was a copper coin of very small denomination, 1/60 of an altyn. Etymology From Middle Persian *pōl, Borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀβολός (obolós). In the Golden Horde In the Golden Horde pūl coins were officially set to a rate of 16 pūls per ''dannik'' as was escribed on many pūl coins, and were often struck by banks at the request of private customers who exchanged their raw copper for coins. The Khans, and their financial advisors often manipulated the market value of pūls by issuing new coins with the inscription “a new pūl” while declaring all other pūls in circulation to no longer be valid media of exchange, and the population was forced to exchange their old pūl coins for new ones. Generally speaking the newe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Krotkov
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa and Sander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the noun (, genitive: , ; meaning 'man'). It is an example of the widespread motif of Greek names expressing "battle-prowess", in this case the ability to withstand or push back an enemy battle line. The earliest attested form of the name, is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym , , (/Alexandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alaksandu, alternatively called ''Alakasandu'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagatai Language
Chagatai (چغتای, ''Čaġatāy''), also known as ''Turki'', Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (''Čaġatāy türkīsi''), is an extinct Turkic literary language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. Literary Chagatai is the predecessor of the modern Karluk branch of Turkic languages, which include Uzbek and Uyghur. Turkmen, which is not within the Karluk branch but in the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, had been heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries. Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature. Chagatai literature is still studied in modern Uzbekistan, where the language is seen as the predecessor and the direct ancestor of modern Uzbek and the literature is regarded as part of the national heritage of Uzbekistan. Etymol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Theodoro
The Principality of Theodoro ( el, Αὐθεντία πόλεως Θεοδωροῦς καὶ παραθαλασσίας), also known as Gothia ( el, Γοτθία) or the Principality of Theodoro-Mangup, was a Greek principality in the southern part of Crimea, specifically on the foothills of the Crimean Mountains. It represented one of the final rump states of the Eastern Roman Empire and the last territorial vestige of the Crimean Goths until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire by the Ottoman Albanian Gedik Ahmed Pasha in 1475. Its capital was Doros, also sometimes called Theodoro and now known as Mangup. The state was closely allied with the Empire of Trebizond. History In the late 12th century, the Crimean peninsula had seceded from the Byzantine Empire, but soon after the sack of Constantinople in 1204 parts of it were included in the Trapezuntine '' Gazarian Perateia''. This dependence was never very strong and was eventually replaced by the invading Mongols, who in 1238 po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dang (coin)
Dang may refer to: Music * "Dang!" (song), a 2015 song by Mac Miller from ''The Divine Feminine'' * "Dang!", a 2018 song by GreatGuys from ''Trigger'' People * Dang (surname) with origins in both Asiatic and Indo-European languages * Dang, a pseudonym of animator Dan Gordon * Dang Ngoc Long (born 1957), Vietnamese guitarist Places * Dang, Uttar Pradesh, a village Uttar Pradesh, India * Dang, Iran, a village in Fars Province, Iran * Dang (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Gujarat, India * Dang district, India, a district in Gujarat, India * Dang District, Nepal, a district in Lumbini Province, Nepal * Dang Valley, a valley in western Nepal Other * Dang, a minced oath for " damnation" * , the Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), also known as the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North ... See also * " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimea
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a population of 2.4 million. The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Sivash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. Crimea (called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period) has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. Greeks colonized its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
