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Morbillivirus
''Morbillivirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales'', in the family ''Paramyxoviridae''. Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus includes seven species. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection. In 2013, a wave of increased death among the Common bottlenose dolphin population was attributed to morbillivirus. Genus Structure Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15-16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus attaching to host cell. Replication follows the negative-stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering Polymerase stuttering is the process by which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feline Morbillivirus
''Feline morbillivirus'' comes from the genus ''Morbillivirus'', specifically influencing wild and domestic cats. The first report of a ''Feline morbillivirus'' outbreak occurred in Hong Kong in 2012. Approximately 10% of stray cats in Hong Kong and mainland China were reported to possess the virus at the time with additional infections found in Japan as well. 40% of cats tested in Japan were Fmo-PV positive and exhibited early symptoms of kidney failure. While the first cases of ''Feline morbillivirus'' were found in China, Hong Kong and Japan, the virus can also be found in Italy, Germany, and the United States. ''Feline morbillivirus'' exhibits a substantial amount of genetic diversity, yet cases in Japan and Hong Kong proved to have identical nucleotide sequences. It is also hypothesized that the ''morbillivirus'' has high adaptability due to its presence in multiple species. It is often found in dogs, cats, cattle, whales, dolphins, porpoises, and even humans. It likel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morbillivirus Virion2
''Morbillivirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales'', in the family ''Paramyxoviridae''. Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus includes seven species. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection. In 2013, a wave of increased death among the Common bottlenose dolphin The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops truncatus'') is a wide-ranging marine mammal of the family Delphinidae. The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it gets in captiv ... population was attributed to morbillivirus. Genus Structure Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15-16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morbillivirus Genomes
''Morbillivirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales'', in the family ''Paramyxoviridae''. Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus includes seven species. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection. In 2013, a wave of increased death among the Common bottlenose dolphin The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops truncatus'') is a wide-ranging marine mammal of the family Delphinidae. The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it gets in captiv ... population was attributed to morbillivirus. Genus Structure Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15-16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetacean Morbillivirus
''Cetacean morbillivirus'' (CeMV) is a virus that infects marine mammals in the order Cetacea, which includes dolphins, porpoises and whales. Three genetically distinct strains have been identified: dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV). Symptoms of infection are often a severe combination of pneumonia, encephalitis and damage to the immune system, which greatly impair the cetacean's ability to swim and stay afloat unassisted. Since its discovery in 1987, CeMV has been responsible for numerous epizootic In epizoology, an epizootic (from Greek: ''epi-'' upon + ''zoon'' animal) is a disease event in a nonhuman animal population analogous to an epidemic in humans. An epizootic may be restricted to a specific locale (an "outbreak"), general (an "epi ...s of mass mortality in cetacean populations. Epizootics of CeMV can be easily identified by a significant increase in the number of stranded cetaceans on beaches and shores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mononegavirales
''Mononegavirales'' is an order of negative-strand RNA viruses which have nonsegmented genomes. Some common members of the order are Ebola virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, mumps virus, Nipah virus, and rabies virus. All of these viruses cause significant disease in humans. Many other important pathogens of nonhuman animals and plants are also in the group. The order includes eleven virus families: '' Artoviridae'', ''Bornaviridae'', ''Filoviridae'', ''Lispiviridae'', ''Mymonaviridae'', ''Nyamiviridae'', ''Paramyxoviridae'', ''Pneumoviridae'', ''Rhabdoviridae'', '' Sunviridae'', and ''Xinmoviridae''. Use of term The order ''Mononegavirales'' (pronounced: ) According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name ''Mononegavirales'' is always to be capitalized, italicized, and never abbreviated. The names of the order's physical members ("mononegaviruses" or "mononegavirads") are to be writte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Measles Virus
''Measles morbillivirus'' (MeV), also called measles virus (MV), is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped, non-segmented RNA virus of the genus ''Morbillivirus'' within the family ''Paramyxoviridae''. It is the cause of measles. Humans are the natural hosts of the virus; no animal reservoirs are known to exist. Disease The virus causes measles, a highly contagious disease transmitted by respiratory aerosols that triggers a temporary but severe immunosuppression. Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes and a generalized, maculopapular, erythematous rash and a pathognomic Koplik spot seen on buccal mucosa opposite to lower 1 st and 2 nd molars . The virus is spread by coughing and sneezing via close personal contact or direct contact with secretions. Replication cycle Entry The measles virus has two envelope glycoproteins on the viral surface – hemagglutinin (H) and membrane fusion protein (F). These proteins are responsible for host cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Measles Morbillivirus
''Measles morbillivirus'' (MeV), also called measles virus (MV), is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped, non-segmented RNA virus of the genus ''Morbillivirus'' within the family ''Paramyxoviridae''. It is the cause of measles. Humans are the natural hosts of the virus; no animal reservoirs are known to exist. Disease The virus causes measles, a highly contagious disease transmitted by respiratory aerosols that triggers a temporary but severe immunosuppression. Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes and a generalized, maculopapular, erythematous rash and a pathognomic Koplik spot seen on buccal mucosa opposite to lower 1 st and 2 nd molars . The virus is spread by coughing and sneezing via close personal contact or direct contact with secretions. Replication cycle Entry The measles virus has two envelope glycoproteins on the viral surface – hemagglutinin (H) and membrane fusion protein (F). These proteins are responsible for host cell bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovine Rinderpest
Ovine rinderpest, also commonly known as ''peste des petits ruminants'' (PPR), is a contagious disease primarily affecting goats and sheep; however, camels and wild small ruminants can also be affected. PPR is currently present in North, Central, West and East Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. It is caused by ''small ruminants morbillivirus'' in the genus ''Morbillivirus,'' and is closely related to, among others,'' rinderpest morbillivirus, measles morbillivirus'', and ''canine morbillivirus'' (previously known as canine distemper virus). The disease is highly contagious, and can have an 80–100% mortality rate in acute cases in an epizootic setting. The virus does not infect humans. The disease was first described in 1942 in Côte d'Ivoire, and has since been detected in more than 70 countries in the world. In 2017, the disease was reported to be affecting saiga in Mongolia, causing near-catastrophic herd depletion for the endangered species. In 2018, it was sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small Ruminant Morbillivirus
Ovine rinderpest, also commonly known as ''peste des petits ruminants'' (PPR), is a contagious disease primarily affecting goats and sheep; however, camels and wild small ruminants can also be affected. PPR is currently present in North, Central, West and East Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. It is caused by ''small ruminants morbillivirus'' in the genus ''Morbillivirus,'' and is closely related to, among others,'' rinderpest morbillivirus, measles morbillivirus'', and ''canine morbillivirus'' (previously known as canine distemper virus). The disease is highly contagious, and can have an 80–100% mortality rate in acute cases in an epizootic setting. The virus does not infect humans. The disease was first described in 1942 in Côte d'Ivoire, and has since been detected in more than 70 countries in the world. In 2017, the disease was reported to be affecting saiga in Mongolia, causing near-catastrophic herd depletion for the endangered species. In 2018, it was sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramyxoviridae
''Paramyxoviridae'' (from Ancient Greek, Greek ''para-'' “by the side of” and ''myxa'' “mucus”) is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales''. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this family include measles, mumps, and respiratory tract infections. The family has four subfamilies, 17 genera, and 78 species, three genera of which are unassigned to a subfamily. Structure Virions are enveloped and can be spherical or pleomorphic and capable of producing filamentous virions. The diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15kb in length. Fusion proteins and attachment proteins appear as spikes on the virion surface. Matrix proteins inside the envelope stabilise virus structure. The nucleocapsid core is composed of the genomic RNA, nucleocapsid proteins, phosphoproteins and polymerase proteins. Genome The genome is nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA, 15–19 kilobases in length, and contains six to 10 gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rinderpest Morbillivirus
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including gaurs, buffaloes, large antelope, deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. After a global eradication campaign starting in the mid-20th century, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001. On 14 October 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phocine Morbillivirus
''Phocine morbillivirus'', formerly ''phocine distemper virus'' (PDV), is a paramyxovirus of the genus ''Morbillivirus'' that is pathogenic for pinniped species, particularly seals. Clinical signs include laboured breathing, fever and nervous symptoms. PDV was first identified in 1988 as the cause of death of 18,000 harbor seals (''Phoca vitulina'') and 300 grey seals (''Halichoerus grypus'') along the northern European coast. In 2002, an epizootic of PDV along the North Sea coast resulted in the deaths of 21,700 seals, estimated to be 51% of the population. Antibodies to PDV have been found in a number of carnivorous mammal species in the Western North Atlantic, including polar bears, and the Atlantic walrus. The suddenness of the emergence of PDV and related viruses in aquatic mammals has implicated environmental changes as the cause. Pollutants have been posited as contributors by interfering with the ability of animals to mount a defense against infection. Alternative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
