|
Meristacraceae
''Meristacrum'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) Fungi strains such as ''Meristacrum asterospermum'' and '' Zygnemomyces echinulatus'' have been identified as potential sources of biological control against parasitic nematodes. Although, they have yet to be raised within laboratory or Axenic conditions. History The family Meristacraceae was specifically erected to hold the genus ''Meristacrum'' in 1940. The genus ''Meristacrum'' gets its name from the Greek word ''meristos'' which means 'divided'. Three genera that were formerly included in Ancylistaceae family; '' Ballocephala'', ''Meristacrum'', and '' Zygnemomyces'', were transferred to Meristacraceae by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1989, because these fungi all produce a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristacrum Milkoi
''Meristacrum'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family (biology), family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) Fungi strains such as ''Meristacrum asterospermum'' and ''Zygnemomyces echinulatus'' have been identified as potential sources of biological control against parasitic nematodes. Although, they have yet to be raised within laboratory or Axenic conditions. History The family Meristacraceae was specifically erected to hold the genus ''Meristacrum'' in 1940. The genus ''Meristacrum'' gets its name from the Greek language, Greek word ''meristos'' which means 'divided'. Three genera that were formerly included in Ancylistaceae family; ''Ballocephala'', ''Meristacrum'', and ''Zygnemomyces'', were transferred to Meristacraceae by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1989, because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristacrum Asterospermum
''Meristacrum'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) Fungi strains such as ''Meristacrum asterospermum'' and '' Zygnemomyces echinulatus'' have been identified as potential sources of biological control against parasitic nematodes. Although, they have yet to be raised within laboratory or Axenic conditions. History The family Meristacraceae was specifically erected to hold the genus ''Meristacrum'' in 1940. The genus ''Meristacrum'' gets its name from the Greek word ''meristos'' which means 'divided'. Three genera that were formerly included in Ancylistaceae family; '' Ballocephala'', ''Meristacrum'', and '' Zygnemomyces'', were transferred to Meristacraceae by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1989, because these fungi all produce a simp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthoromycota
Entomophthoromycota is a division of kingdom fungi. In 2007, it was placed at the taxonomic rank of subphylum in the most recent revision of the entire fungus kingdom. In 2012, it was raised to the rank of phylum as "Entomophthoromycota" in a scientific paper by Richard A. Humber 2012. Divided into three classes and six families ( Ancylistaceae, Basidiobolaceae, Completoriaceae, Entomophthoraceae, Meristacraceae, and Neozygitaceae), it contains over 250 species that are mostly arthropod pathogens or soil- and litter-borne saprobes. Taxonomy Circumscribed by mycologist Richard Humber in 2012, it contains species formerly classified in the division Zygomycota. Humber's reorganization divides the division into three classes while retaining the previously defined family structure: Division Entomophthoromycota Humber 2012 ntomophthoromycotina Humber 2007:Class Basidiobolomycetes Humber 2012 olomycetes Cavalier-Smith 1998; Bolomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 2012; Basidiobolom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthoromycetes
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus ''Conidiobolus'') are free-living saprotrophs. The name Entomophthorales is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer ('' entomo-'' = referring to insects, and '' phthor'' = "destruction"). Highlighted species * ''Basidiobolus ranarum'', a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen * ''Conidiobolus coronatus'', a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen * ''Entomophaga maimaiga'', a biocontrol agent of spongy moths * ''Entomophthora muscae'', a pathogen of houseflies * '' Massospora'' spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas * '' Pandora'', including '' Pandora neoaphidis'', an obligate pathogen of aphids Biolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus '' Conidiobolus'') are free-living saprotrophs. The name Entomophthorales is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer ('' entomo-'' = referring to insects, and '' phthor'' = "destruction"). Highlighted species * '' Basidiobolus ranarum'', a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen * '' Conidiobolus coronatus'', a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen * ''Entomophaga maimaiga'', a biocontrol agent of spongy moths * ''Entomophthora muscae'', a pathogen of houseflies * '' Massospora'' spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas * ''Pandora'', including '' Pandora neoaphidis'', an obligate pathogen of aphids Bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycelial
Mycelium (plural mycelia) is a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. A typical single spore germinates into a monokaryotic mycelium, which cannot reproduce sexually; when two compatible monokaryotic mycelia join and form a dikaryotic mycelium, that mycelium may form fruiting bodies such as mushrooms. A mycelium may be minute, forming a colony that is too small to see, or may grow to span thousands of acres as in ''Armillaria''. Through the mycelium, a fungus absorbs nutrients from its environment. It does this in a two-stage process. First, the hyphae secrete enzymes onto or into the food source, which break down biological polymers into smaller units such as monomers. These monomers are then absorbed into the mycelium by facilitated diffusion and active transport. Mycelia are vital in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for their role i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integument
In biology, an integument is the tissue surrounding an organism's body or an organ within, such as skin, a husk, shell, germ or rind. Etymology The term is derived from ''integumentum'', which is Latin for "a covering". In a transferred, or figurative sense, it could mean a cloak or a disguise. In English, "integument" is a fairly modern word, its origin having been traced back to the early seventeenth century; and refers to a material or layer with which anything is enclosed, clothed, or covered in the sense of "clad" or "coated", as with a skin or husk. Botanical usage In botany, the term "integument" may be used as it is in zoology, referring to the covering of an organ. When the context indicates nothing to the contrary, the word commonly refers to an envelope covering the nucellus of the ovule. The integument may consist of one layer (unitegmic) or two layers (bitegmic), each of which consisting of two or more layers of cells. The integument is perforated by a pore, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant- parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike flatworms, have tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over time. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity published in the mega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporophores
{{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resting Spores
A resting spore is a resistant cell, used to survive adverse environmental conditions. Resting spore is a term commonly applied to both diatoms and fungi. In fungi A resting spore can be a spore created by fungi which is thickly encysted (has a thick cell wall) in order to survive through stressful times, such as drought. It protects the spore from biotic (microbial, fungal viral), as well as abiotic (wind, heat, xeric conditions) factors. Resting spores of a particular fungus are known create the phenomenon known as late potato blight. They can lie dormant within the soil of a field for decades until the right conditions occur for viability (plant host present, rain, fire etc.). In diatoms A similar resting spore life stage is also present in diatoms, and in such case, is also often referred to as the hypnospore. Importantly, the resting spore of marine diatoms is not an obligate stage of the life cycle, except in the minority of studied taxa, where spore production imme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unitunicate
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
