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Entomophthorales
The Entomophthorales are an order (biology), order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus ''Conidiobolus'') are free-living saprotrophs. The name Entomophthorales is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer (''wikt:entomo-, entomo-'' = referring to insects, and ''wikt:phthor, phthor'' = "destruction"). Highlighted species * ''Basidiobolus ranarum'', a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen * ''Conidiobolus coronatus'', a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen * ''Entomophaga maimaiga'', a biocontrol agent of spongy moths * ''Entomophthora muscae'', a pathogen of houseflies * ''Massospora Cicadina, Massospora'' spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandora (fungus)
''Pandora'' is a genus of fungus, fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). It was initially formed by Polish mycologist Andrzej Batko (1933-1997), as a subgenus of ''Zoophthora''.Batko, A. 1966. Acta Mycologica, 2, 15-21. Then American mycologist Richard A. Humber raised it to the genus level. The genus name of ''Pandora'' is derived from the Latin word ''pando'' which means “to become curved” or “to sag” and the generic suffix “ra” thus describing conidia, which are often with weakly outlined bilateral symmetry. They are on one side (abdominal) slightly flattened and on the opposite (dorsal) side, more convex, on the third (lateral) side, they are somewhat curved towards the abdominal side and slightly asymmetrical. It has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is best known by its representative ''Pandora neoaphidis'', which acts as an obligate pathogen in various speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meristacraceae
''Meristacrum'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) Fungi strains such as ''Meristacrum asterospermum'' and '' Zygnemomyces echinulatus'' have been identified as potential sources of biological control against parasitic nematodes. Although, they have yet to be raised within laboratory or Axenic conditions. History The family Meristacraceae was specifically erected to hold the genus ''Meristacrum'' in 1940. The genus ''Meristacrum'' gets its name from the Greek word ''meristos'' which means 'divided'. Three genera that were formerly included in Ancylistaceae family; '' Ballocephala'', ''Meristacrum'', and '' Zygnemomyces'', were transferred to Meristacraceae by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1989, because these fungi all produce a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylistaceae
The ''Ancylistaceae'' are a family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. The family currently contains 3 genera: '' Ancylistes'', '' Macrobiotophthora'', '' Conidiobolus''. '' Capillidium'' was added in 2020, it was once thought to be a sub-genus of ''Conidiobolus''. '' Microconidiobolus'' and '' Neoconidiobolus'' were also added in 2020. Brief taxonomic history This family was originally an order thought to be included with the aquatic Phycomycetes and included members of Oomycota. It was Helen Berdan,Helen Berdan Mycologia, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1938), pp. 396-415 who determined that ''Ancylistes'' belonged to order Entomophthorales.Sparrow, FK. 1960. Aquatic Phycomycetes. 2nd edition. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Later, the Oomycetes were removed as were several zygomycete genera. Morphology The mycelium is coenocytic or irregularly septate. The nuclei are small. During interphase, condense chromatin is absent, but a central nucleolus can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthora Muscae
''Entomophthora muscae'' is a species of pathogenic fungus in the order Entomophthorales which causes a fatal disease in flies. It can cause epizootic outbreaks of disease in houseflies and has been investigated as a potential biological control agent. Life cycle Soon after a fly dies from infection with this pathogenic fungus, large primary conidia are produced at the apex of a conidiophore which emerge from the intersegmental membranes. When the spores are mature they are forcibly ejected and may fall onto flies resting nearby. If no hosts are available for infection, a smaller secondary conidium may develop. Once on a fly, the conidia germinate within a few hours and a germ tube begins to penetrate the insect's cuticle. Once this reaches the haemocoel, the protoplast flows through the tube and into the fly's haemolymph. The mycelium of the fungus may grow into an area of the brain that controls the behaviour of the fly, forcing it to land on a surface and crawl upwards. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophaga Maimaiga
''Entomophaga maimaiga'' is a Japanese fungus which has shown striking success in managing spongy moth populations in North America. Etymology ''Maimaiga'' is the Japanese name for the spongy moth. History In 1908, shortly after classical efforts began to control spongy moth populations, North American researchers studied cadavers of Japanese spongy moths which had been killed by an entomophthoralean fungus. The fungus was released in the Boston area between 1910 and 1911. By 1912, they summarized their work, stating that extensive releases had never established this fungal pathogen, which they referred to as "gypsy fungus". In the early 1980s, another attempt was made to introduce ''Entomophaga maimaiga'' into the wild. They obtained the sample from the western coast of Honshu. The fungus was determined to belong to the genus '' Entomophaga'' in the fungal order Entomophthorales and was given the name ''maimaiga'' based on geographical distribution. In 1985 and 1986 were m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Completoriaceae
''Completoria'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family ''Completoriaceae'', of the order Entomophthorales. ''Completoria'' is itself monotypic, containing a single species, ''Completoria complens''. The species is rare, known only from greenhouse cultures where it grows as an obligate intracellular parasite of fern gametophyte A gametophyte () is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the ...s. References Entomophthorales Zygomycota genera Monotypic fungi genera {{entomophthorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygomycetes
Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi. The members are now part of two phyla: the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. Approximately 1060 species are known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. Some are parasites of plants, insects, and small animals, while others form symbiotic relationships with plants. Zygomycete hyphae may be coenocytic, forming septa only where gametes are formed or to wall off dead hyphae. Zygomycota is no longer recognised as it was not believed to be truly monophyletic. Etymology The name ''Zygomycota'' refers to the zygosporangia characteristically formed by the members of this clade, in which resistant spherical spores are formed during sexual reproduction. ''Zygos'' is Greek for "joining" or "a yoke", referring to the fusion of two hyphal strands which produces these spores, and ''-mycota'' is a suffix referring to a division of fungi. Spores The term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidiobolus
''Conidiobolus'' is a genus of fungi in order Entomophthorales. Some species were defined in ''Conidiobolus'' but then moved into other genera such as ''Capillidium'' and ''Batkoa''. This genus can cause a human infection known as conidiobolomycosis. Species There are 54 species of ''Conidiobolus''. *''Conidiobolus adieretus'' Drechsler, 1953 (= '' Capillidium adiaeretum'' (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie (2020)) *'' Conidiobolus antarcticus'' S. Tosi, Caretta & Humber, 2004 *'' Conidiobolus apiculatus'' *'' Conidiobolus bangalorensis'' Sriniv. & Thirum., 1967 *'' Conidiobolus batkoi'' *'' Conidiobolus brefeldianus'' Couch, 1939 *'' Conidiobolus caecilius'' S. Keller, 2007 *'' Conidiobolus carpentieri'' (Giard) Remaud. & S. Keller, 1980 *'' Conidiobolus cercopidis'' *'' Conidiobolus cercopidis'' *'' Conidiobolus chlamydosporus'' Drechsler, 1955 *'' Conidiobolus chlapowskii'' Bałazy, J. Wiśn. & S. Kaczm., 1987 *'' Conidiobolus conglomeratus'' *''Conidiobolus coronatus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomophthoraceae
Entomophthoraceae is a family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of ins .... This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012).Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME et al (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the Entomophthoromycota. Mol Phylogenet Evol 65:682–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.026 Most species in the family are obligately entomopathogenic. There are two subfamilies, Erynioideae and Entomophthoroideae, which were proposed in 2005. Genera *'' Batkoa'' – 10 spp. *'' Entomophaga'' – 22 spp. *'' Entomophthora'' – 63 spp. *'' Erynia'' – 27 spp. *'' Eryniopsis'' – 5 spp. *'' Furia'' – 16 spp. *'' Massospora'' – 5 spp. *'' Orthomyces'' – 1 sp. *'' Pandora'' Humber 2005 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiobolaceae
The Basidiobolaceae are a family of fungi in the monotypic order Basidiobolales. All fungal cells of this family are exclusively uninucleate and their relatively large nuclei contain a nucleolus, but no heterochromatin.http://zygomycetes.org/index.php?id=36 Retrieved 2018 07 09] They were formerly in the order Entomophthorales The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of ins .... Classification * '' Drechslerosporium'' Huang, Humber & Hodge 2013 * '' Schizangiella'' Dwyer et al. 2006 * '' Basidiobolus'' Eidam 1886 'Amphoromorpha'' Thaxter 1914 References Entomophthorales Fungus families {{entomophthorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiobolus Ranarum
''Basidiobolus ranarum'' is a filamentous fungus with worldwide distribution. The fungus was first isolated by Eidam in 1886. It can saprophytically live in the intestines of mainly cold-blooded vertebrates and on decaying fruits and soil. The fungus prefers glucose as a carbon source and grows rapidly at room temperature. ''Basidiobolus ranarum'' is also known as a cause of subcutaneous zygomycosis, usually causing granulomatous infections on a host's limbs. Infections are generally geographically limited to tropical and subtropical regions such as East and West Africa. Subcutaneous zygomycosis caused by ''B. ranarum'' is a rare disease and predominantly affects children and males. Common subcutaneous zygomycosis shows characteristic features and is relatively easy to be diagnosed; while, certain rare cases might show non-specific clinical features that might pose a difficulty on its identification. Although disease caused by this fungus is known to resolve spontaneously on its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidiobolus Coronatus
''Conidiobolus coronatus'' is a saprotrophic fungus, first described by Costantin in 1897 as ''Boudierella coronata''. Though this fungus has also been known by the name ''Entomophthora coronata'', the correct name is ''Conidiobolus coronatus''. ''C. coronatus'' is able to infect humans and animals, and the first human infection with ''C. coronatus'' was reported in Jamaica in 1965. Taxonomy Originally, ''C. coronatus'' was considered to be a part of the genus ''Boudierella'', however it was later transferred to the genus ''Conidiobolus'' by Saccardo and Sydow. The fungus was also treated in the genus ''Entomophthora'', and the name ''Entomophthora coronata'' remains a widely used synonym. Another synonym attributed to ''C. coronatus'' is ''Conidiobolus villosus'' by G.W. Martin in 1925 due to the characteristic presence of villi. Growth and morphology ''Conidiobolus coronatus'' produces rapidly growing colonies that appear fuzzy and are flat. In their early stages, the colonies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
