Entomophthoromycetes

picture info	Entomophthoromycetes The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus ''Conidiobolus'') are free-living saprotrophs. The name Entomophthorales is derived from the Ancient Greek for insect destroyer ('' entomo-'' = referring to insects, and '' phthor'' = "destruction"). Highlighted species * ''Basidiobolus ranarum'', a commensal fungus of frogs and a mammal pathogen * ''Conidiobolus coronatus'', a saprotrophic fungus of leaf litter and a mammal pathogen * ''Entomophaga maimaiga'', a biocontrol agent of spongy moths * ''Entomophthora muscae'', a pathogen of houseflies * '' Massospora'' spp., pathogens of periodical cicadas * '' Pandora'', including '' Pandora neoaphidis'', an obligate pathogen of aphids Biolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Meristacraceae ''Meristacrum'' is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) Fungi strains such as ''Meristacrum asterospermum'' and '' Zygnemomyces echinulatus'' have been identified as potential sources of biological control against parasitic nematodes. Although, they have yet to be raised within laboratory or Axenic conditions. History The family Meristacraceae was specifically erected to hold the genus ''Meristacrum'' in 1940. The genus ''Meristacrum'' gets its name from the Greek word ''meristos'' which means 'divided'. Three genera that were formerly included in Ancylistaceae family; '' Ballocephala'', ''Meristacrum'', and '' Zygnemomyces'', were transferred to Meristacraceae by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1989, because these fungi all produce a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pandora (fungus) ''Pandora'' is a genus of fungus, fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). It was initially formed by Polish mycologist Andrzej Batko (1933-1997), as a subgenus of ''Zoophthora''.Batko, A. 1966. Acta Mycologica, 2, 15-21. Then American mycologist Richard A. Humber raised it to the genus level. The genus name of ''Pandora'' is derived from the Latin word ''pando'' which means “to become curved” or “to sag” and the generic suffix “ra” thus describing conidia, which are often with weakly outlined bilateral symmetry. They are on one side (abdominal) slightly flattened and on the opposite (dorsal) side, more convex, on the third (lateral) side, they are somewhat curved towards the abdominal side and slightly asymmetrical. It has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is best known by its representative ''Pandora neoaphidis'', which acts as an obligate pathogen in various speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ancylistaceae The ''Ancylistaceae'' are a family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. The family currently contains 3 genera: '' Ancylistes'', '' Macrobiotophthora'', '' Conidiobolus''. '' Capillidium'' was added in 2020, it was once thought to be a sub-genus of ''Conidiobolus''. '' Microconidiobolus'' and '' Neoconidiobolus'' were also added in 2020. Brief taxonomic history This family was originally an order thought to be included with the aquatic Phycomycetes and included members of Oomycota. It was Helen Berdan,Helen Berdan Mycologia, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1938), pp. 396-415 who determined that ''Ancylistes'' belonged to order Entomophthorales.Sparrow, FK. 1960. Aquatic Phycomycetes. 2nd edition. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Later, the Oomycetes were removed as were several zygomycete genera. Morphology The mycelium is coenocytic or irregularly septate. The nuclei are small. During interphase, condense chromatin is absent, but a central nucleolus can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Pandora Neoaphidis In Greek mythology, Pandora (Greek: , derived from , ''pān'', i.e. "all" and , ''dōron'', i.e. "gift", thus "the all-endowed", "all-gifted" or "all-giving") was the first human woman created by Hephaestus on the instructions of Zeus. As Hesiod related it, each god cooperated by giving her unique gifts. Her other name—inscribed against her figure on a white-ground ''kylix'' in the British Museum—is Anesidora ( grc, Ἀνησιδώρα), "she who sends up gifts" (''up'' implying "from below" within the earth). The Pandora myth is a kind of theodicy, addressing the question of why there is evil in the world, according to which, Pandora opened a jar (''pithos'') (commonly referred to as "Pandora's box") releasing all the evils of humanity. It has been argued that Hesiod's interpretation of Pandora's story went on to influence both Jewish and Christian theology and so perpetuated her bad reputation into the Renaissance. Later poets, dramatists, painters and sculptors made her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Schröter 1893 Schröter or Schroeter may refer to: Schröter (lunar crater), a crater on the Moon Schroeter (Martian crater), a crater on Mars Schröter (surname) See also Schroter's Valley Schroter's Valley, frequently known by the Latinized name Vallis Schröteri, is a sinuous valley or rille on the surface of the near side of the Moon. It is located on a rise of continental ground, sometimes called the Aristarchus plateau, that ... (AKA Vallis Schröteri), a lunar feature named after Johann Hieronymus Schröter * * {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Molecular Systematics Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Basidiobolaceae The Basidiobolaceae are a family of fungi in the monotypic order Basidiobolales. All fungal cells of this family are exclusively uninucleate and their relatively large nuclei contain a nucleolus, but no heterochromatin.http://zygomycetes.org/index.php?id=36 Retrieved 2018 07 09] They were formerly in the order Entomophthorales The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them. Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of ins .... Classification * '' Drechslerosporium'' Huang, Humber & Hodge 2013 * '' Schizangiella'' Dwyer et al. 2006 * '' Basidiobolus'' Eidam 1886 'Amphoromorpha'' Thaxter 1914 References Entomophthorales Fungus families {{entomophthorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Conidiophore A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an Asexual reproduction, asexual, non-motility, motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The Morphology (biology), morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium#Species, Metarhizium'') species. The terms microconidia and macroconidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Pandora Neoaphidis In Greek mythology, Pandora (Greek: , derived from , ''pān'', i.e. "all" and , ''dōron'', i.e. "gift", thus "the all-endowed", "all-gifted" or "all-giving") was the first human woman created by Hephaestus on the instructions of Zeus. As Hesiod related it, each god cooperated by giving her unique gifts. Her other name—inscribed against her figure on a white-ground ''kylix'' in the British Museum—is Anesidora ( grc, Ἀνησιδώρα), "she who sends up gifts" (''up'' implying "from below" within the earth). The Pandora myth is a kind of theodicy, addressing the question of why there is evil in the world, according to which, Pandora opened a jar (''pithos'') (commonly referred to as "Pandora's box") releasing all the evils of humanity. It has been argued that Hesiod's interpretation of Pandora's story went on to influence both Jewish and Christian theology and so perpetuated her bad reputation into the Renaissance. Later poets, dramatists, painters and sculptors made her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]