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Muña
''Minthostachys mollis'' is a medicinal plant restricted to the South American Andes from Peru to Bolivia. It is the most variable and widely distributed species of the genus ''Minthostachys''. Its common name ''muña'' comes from Quechua. Other local names include ''tipo'', ''tipollo'', ''poleo''. Medicinal uses In the indigenous medicine traditions of the Andes, the plant is made into tea and used medicinally as a carminative and aphrodisiac. Chemical characteristics The principal components of essential oil are as follows: *pulegone *menthone *menthol *(−)- β-pinene *(−)- α-pinene *limonene * isomenthone *piperic acid *eucalyptol *carvone In the flowering tops 19 compounds were identified in the essential oil, predominantly 29% neomenthol, 24% menthone, 20% menthol, and 8% piperitone Piperitone is a natural monoterpene ketone which is a component of some essential oils. Both stereoisomers, the D-form and the L-form, are known. The D-form has a peppermint-like ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carminative
A carminative, known in Latin as carminativum (plural carminativa), is a herb or preparation intended to combat flatulence either by preventing formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract or Name The word ''carminative'' is a derivative of Latin " card for wool", according to Hensley Wedgewood, on the humoral theory that carminatives "dilute and relax the gross humours from whence the wind arises, combing them out like the knots in wool". Varieties Carminatives are often mixtures of essential oils and spices with a tradition in folk medicine. Some examples include: * Agasyllis * Angelica * Ajwain * Anise seed * Asafoetida * Basil * Calamus * Caraway * Cardamom * Cinnamon * Coriander * Coscoll * Cnidium monnieri (She Huangzi) * Cumin * Dill * Epazote * Eucalyptus * Fennel * Garlic * Ginger * Goldenrod * Haritaki * Hops * Lemon balm * Liquorice * Lovage * Marjoram * Motherwort * Muña * Mustard * Nigella * Nutmeg * Onion * Orange * Oregano * Parsley * Pepper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunth
Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850) was a German botanist. He was also known as Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth. He was one of the early systematic botanists who focused on studying the plants of the Americas. Kunth's notable contributions include the publication of ''Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland et Humboldt''. This work spanned seven volumes and was published between 1815 and 1825. Early life Kunth was born in Leipzig, Saxony, in modern-day Germany. His uncle, Gottlob Johann Christian Kunth, was a politician and educator who tutored both the explorer Alexander von Humboldt and his older brother, the diplomat Wilhelm von Humboldt, as children. Growing up, Kunth's father didn't have enough money for him to continue studying at the Leipzig Rathsschule. His uncle paid for him to move to Berlin, then a part of Prussia, and take a position at the Pru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menthol
Menthol is an organic compound, specifically a Monoterpene, monoterpenoid, that occurs naturally in the oils of several plants in the Mentha, mint family, such as Mentha arvensis, corn mint and peppermint. It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1''R'',2''S'',5''R'') Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules, configuration. For many people, menthol produces a cooling sensation when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin, and mint plants have been used for centuries for topical pain relief and as a food flavoring. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol has been demonstrated to cause a subjective nasal decongestant effect without any objective decongestant action, and administration of menthol via a nasal inhaler in humans has also been shown t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamiaceae
The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil (herb), basil, mentha, mint, rosemary, Salvia officinalis, sage, savory (herb), savory, marjoram, oregano, Hyssopus officinalis, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla, as well as traditional medicines such as catnip, ''Salvia'', Monarda, bee balm, Leonotis leonurus, wild dagga, and Leonurus japonicus, oriental motherwort. Some species are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as ''Salvia hispanica'' (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as ''Plectr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piperitone
Piperitone is a natural monoterpene ketone which is a component of some essential oils. Both stereoisomers, the D-form and the L-form, are known. The D-form has a peppermint-like aroma and has been isolated from the oils of plants from the genera ''Cymbopogon'', ''Andropogon'', and ''Mentha''. The L-form has been isolated from Sitka spruce. Occurrence Piperitone is found in many essential oils, including over thirty species of the genus ''Eucalyptus''. High levels are present in certain species of ''Eucalyptus'' and ''Mentha''. In the genus Eucalyptus, the highest concentrations are found in ''Eucalyptus dives''. Both enantiomers occur naturally. In Eucalyptus species, (-)-piperitone is present; in mint species, (+)-piperitone is found; and some plants contain racemate piperitone. Properties Piperitone is a colorless liquid with a distinct peppermint odor. Production Piperitone can be synthesized from isopropyl acetoacetate and 3-buten-2-one. The primary source of D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neomenthol
Menthol is an organic compound, specifically a Monoterpene, monoterpenoid, that occurs naturally in the oils of several plants in the Mentha, mint family, such as Mentha arvensis, corn mint and peppermint. It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1''R'',2''S'',5''R'') Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules, configuration. For many people, menthol produces a cooling sensation when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin, and mint plants have been used for centuries for topical pain relief and as a food flavoring. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol has been demonstrated to cause a subjective nasal decongestant effect without any objective decongestant action, and administration of menthol via a nasal inhaler in humans has also been shown t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carvone
Carvone is a member of a family of chemicals called terpenoids. Carvone is found naturally in many essential oils, but is most abundant in the oils from seeds of caraway (''Carum carvi''), spearmint (''Mentha spicata''), and dill. Uses Food applications Both carvones are used in the food and flavor industry. As the compound most responsible for the flavor of caraway, dill, and spearmint, carvone has been used for millennia in food. Food applications are mainly met by carvone made from limonene. ''R''-(−)-Carvone is also used for air freshening products and, like many essential oils, oils containing carvones are used in aromatherapy and alternative medicine. Agriculture ''S''-(+)-Carvone is also used to prevent premature sprouting of potatoes during storage, being marketed in the Netherlands for this purpose under the name ''Talent''. Insect control ''R''-(−)-Carvone has been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use as a mosquito repellent. Stereoiso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucalyptol
Eucalyptol (also called cineole) is a monoterpenoid colorless liquid, and a bicyclic ether. It has a fresh camphor-like odor and a spicy, cooling taste. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Eucalyptol makes up about 70–90% of eucalyptus oil. Eucalyptol forms crystalline adducts with hydrohalic acids, ''o''-cresol, resorcinol, and phosphoric acid. Formation of these adducts is useful for purification. In 1870, F. S. Cloez identified and ascribed the name "eucalyptol" to the dominant portion of ''Eucalyptus globulus'' oil. Uses Because of its pleasant, spicy aroma and taste, eucalyptol is used in flavorings, fragrances, and cosmetics. Cineole-based eucalyptus oil is used as a flavoring at low levels (0.002%) in various products, including baked goods, confectionery, meat products, and beverages. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, eucalyptol was listed as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. It is claimed to be add ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piperic Acid
Piperic acid is a chemical often obtained by the base-hydrolysis of the alkaloid piperine from black pepper, followed by acidification of the corresponding salt. Piperic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds such as piperonal, and as-such may be used to produce fragrances, perfumes flavorants and drugs as well as other useful compounds. Preparation Piperic acid can be prepared from the commercially available alkaloid piperine, a cyclic amide containing a piperidine group, by reacting it with a hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide, then acidifying the formed piperate salt with hydrochloric acid or another acid. The toxic compound piperidine is given off during the base-hydrolysis of piperine and as-such, safety precautions should be taken. : Reactions Reaction of piperic acid with strong oxidizers such as potassium permanganate or ozone, or a halogen such as bromine followed by sodium hydroxide causes oxidative cleavage of the double-bonds, yielding piperon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isomenthone
Menthone is a chemical compound of the monoterpene class of naturally occurring organic compounds found in a number of essential oils, one that presents with minty flavor. It is a specific pair of stereoisomers of the four possible such isomers for the chemical structure, 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanone. Of those, the stereoisoomer ''l''-menthone—formally, the (2''S'',5''R'')-''trans'' isomer of that structure, as shown at right—is the most abundant in nature. Menthone is structurally related to menthol, which has a secondary alcohol (>C-OH) in place of the carbon-oxygen double bond (carbonyl group) projecting from the cyclohexane ring. Menthone is obtained for commercial use after purifying essential oils pressed from Mentha species (peppermint and corn mint). It is used as a flavorant and in perfumes and cosmetics for its characteristic aromatic and minty aroma. Occurrence Menthone is a constituent of the essential oils of pennyroyal, peppermint, ''corn mint'', ''pel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limonene
Limonene () is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the essential oil of citrus fruit peels. The (+)-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing. It is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products. The less common (−)-isomer has a piny, turpentine-like odor, and is found in the edible parts of such plants as caraway, dill, and bergamot orange plants. Limonene takes its name from Italian ''limone'' ("lemon"). Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains (+)-limonene (''d''-limonene), which is the (''R'')-enantiomer. (+)-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation. In plants (+)-Limonene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
