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Minuscule 441
Minuscule 441 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), O18 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Its former designations were 68a and 73p. Description The codex contains the text of the Acts 8:14 to 1 Corinthians 15:38 on 90 parchment leaves (). It does not contain any of the Catholic epistles. It is written in one column of 38-39 lines per page. It contains the Euthalian Apparatus, subscriptions at the end of each book, and . The biblical text is surrounded by a catena of Oecumenius. Some of leaves of the codex are in disorder. The order of leaves: 3-18. 1. 2. 19-46. 47-58. 59. 63. 64. 59. 60-62. 73. 74. 65. 66. 69-72. 67. 68. 75-78. 127-142. 79-126. 143-158. 167-182. 159-166. Leaves 183-440 of the same codex formerly belonged to another manuscript. They have now been bound together. These leaves have a duplicate portion (1 Corinthians 13:6-15:38) and some cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acts Of The Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. It gives an account of the ministry and activity of Christ's apostles in Jerusalem and other regions, after Christ's death, resurrection, and ascension. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author. It is usually dated to around 80–90 AD, although some scholars suggest 90–110. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the ascension of Jesus to Heaven. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oecumenius
Oecumenius ( el, Οἰκουμένιος) is the name under which are transmitted several commentaries in Greek on the New Testament. It now appears that these were not all written by the same person nor in the same period. Oecumenius was once believed to have been a bishop of Trikka (now Trikala) in Thessaly writing about 990. Scholars have, however, redated his ''Commentary on the Apocalypse'' to the early seventh or late sixth century, and have located its author in Asia Minor.John N. Suggit, trans. ''Oecumenius: Commentary on the Apocalypse.'' Preface. Fathers of the Church 112 (Catholic University, Washington DC) 2006. The name Pseudo-Oecumenius is sometimes used in light of the uncertainty. Writings Manuscripts of the eleventh century contain commentaries on the Acts of the Apostles and on the Catholic and Pauline epistles, attributed since the sixteenth century to Oecumenius. Those on the Acts and Catholic Epistles are identical with the commentaries of Theophylact of Bul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textual Criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in dates from the earliest writing in cuneiform, impressed on clay, for example, to multiple unpublished versions of a 21st-century author's work. Historically, scribes who were paid to copy documents may have been literate, but many were simply copyists, mimicking the shapes of letters without necessarily understanding what they meant. This means that unintentional alterations were common when copying manuscripts by hand. Intentional alterations may have been made as well, for example, the censoring of printed work for political, religious or cultural reasons. The objective of the textual critic's work is to provide a better understanding of the creation and historical transmission of the text and its variants. This understanding may lead to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of New Testament Minuscules
The list of New Testament Minuscules ordered by Gregory-Aland index number is divided into three sections: * List of New Testament minuscules (1–1000) * List of New Testament minuscules (1001–2000) * List of New Testament minuscules (2001–3000) By location and institution List of New Testament Minuscules ordered by location and hosting institution: (*) Indicates only a portion of manuscript held by institution. (**) Indicates manuscript is a forgery. Bold Indicates manuscript has been color photographed. A–F G H–M N–T U–Z See also *List of artifacts significant to the Bible * List of New Testament Church Fathers *List of New Testament Latin manuscripts *List of New Testament lectionaries * List of New Testament amulets *List of New Testament papyri A New Testament papyrus is a copy of a portion of the New Testament made on papyrus. To date, over 140 such papyri are known. In general, they are considered the earliest witnesses to the original text ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uppsala
Uppsala (, or all ending in , ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the county seat of Uppsala County and the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019. Located north of the capital Stockholm it is also the seat of Uppsala Municipality. Since 1164, Uppsala has been the ecclesiology, ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, being the seat of the Archbishop of Uppsala, Archbishop of the Church of Sweden. Uppsala is home to Scandinavia's largest cathedral – Uppsala Cathedral, which was the frequent site of the coronation of the Swedish monarch until the late 19th century. Uppsala Castle, built by King Gustav I of Sweden, Gustav Vasa, served as one of the royal residences of the Swedish monarchs, and was expanded several times over its history, making Uppsala the secondary capital of Sweden during its Swedish Empire, greatest extent. Today it serves as the residence of the Gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Martin Augustin Scholz
Johann Martin Augustin Scholz (8 February 1794 – 20 October 1852) was a German Roman Catholic orientalist, biblical scholar and academic theologian. He was a professor at the University of Bonn and travelled extensively throughout Europe and the Near East in order to locate manuscripts of the New Testament. Life Scholz attended secondary school at the Catholic ''gymnasium'' in Breslau and then studied at the University of Breslau. In 1817 he was granted the degree of Doctor of Theology by the University of Freiburg, where he had studied under Johann Leonhard Hug (1765-1846). Scholz then went to Paris, where he studied Persian and Arabic under Silvestre de Sacy, and collated numerous codices (Greek, Latin, Arabic and Syriac) of the New Testament. From Paris he went to London, then travelled through France and Switzerland en route to Italy, the principal libraries of which he visited in order to conduct biblical research. In the autumn of 1821, upon his return from a journe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Belsheim
Johannes Engebretsen Belsheim (21 January 1829 – 15 July 1909) was a Norwegian teacher, priest, translator and biographer. Johannes Belsheim was born in the village of Thorpegardane at Vang in Oppland. He attended Asker Seminary in Akershus. Belsheim took matriculation in 1858. He attended Heltberg's school which prepared students for admission exams at the university and in 1861 he took his Degree in Theology. He was a teacher in Grue in Solør from 1856 and at Porsgrunn in Telemark during 1862. He served as rector of Vefsn teacher's college (''Vefsn lærerskole'') in Nordland during 1863. He was assigned as vicar in Sør-Varanger in 1864 and at Bjelland in Vest-Agder from 1870 to 1875. As a writer, his topics covered several themes. He is principally associated with his studies of Biblical manuscripts, including the '' Codex Aureus'', ''Codex Gigas'', Codex Corbeiensis I, Codex Palatinus, Codex Veronensis, and Codex Claromontanus V. He also wrote a biography of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld
Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld ( lat, links=no, Ioannes Gabriel Sparvenfeldius; (17 July, 1655 – 2 June, 1727) was a 17th-century Swedish diplomat, linguist, polyglot and diarist. Biography Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld was born to Johan Sparwenfeld (1618–1698) and Christina Uggla. Sparwenfeld began his studies at the age of eight in Uppsala University, Uppsala. Some researchers believe that he studied law, history and Language, languages. And after he had finished studying Sparwenfeld went to search for old Swedish manuscripts in The Netherlands, France and Italy. In 1674, he was brought by his uncle, amiral Claes Uggla, on a voyage to the Duchy of Holstein. And during the Scanian War (1675–1679) he was captured and brought to England when a Danish corsair caused the ship to sink. It was not until three years later that he was given permission to return to Sweden. In 1684, Sparwenfeld was sent to the Swedish embassy in Moscow. It was during this time that he wrote his diary port ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William B
William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of England in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the given name ''Wilhelm'' (cf. Proto-Germanic ᚹᛁᛚᛃᚨᚺᛖᛚᛗᚨᛉ, ''*Wiljahelmaz'' > German ''Wilhelm'' and Old Norse ᚢᛁᛚᛋᛅᚼᛅᛚᛘᛅᛋ, ''Vilhjálmr''). By regular sound changes, the native, inherited English form of the name should b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Categories Of New Testament Manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian manuscripts are category I, while later Byzantine manuscripts are category V. Aland's method involved considering 1000 passages where the Byzantine text differs from non-Byzantine text. The Alands did not select their 1000 readings from all of the NT books; for example, none were drawn from Matthew and Luke. Description of categories The Alands' categories do not simply correspond to the text-types; all they do is demonstrate the 'Byzantine-ness' of a particular text; that is, how much it is similar to the Byzantine text-type, from least (Category I) to most similar (Category V). Category V can be equated with the Byzantine text-type, but the other categories are not necessarily re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the '' Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textual Research) in Münster and served as its first director from 1959 to 1983. He was one of the principal editors of '' Nestle–Aland – Novum Testamentum Graece'' for the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft and ''The Greek New Testament'' for the United Bible Societies. Life Aland was born in Berlin- Steglitz. He started studying theology in 1933 at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin (he also studied philology, archaeology, and history). On 23 March that year, he was examined before the ''Bruderrat'' (council of brothers) in the ''Bekennende Kirche'' (Confessing Church). During his studies, he worked for the journal of the Confessing Church, ''Junge Kirche'' (Young Church). In an ideological brochure, ''Wer fälscht?'' (Who is lying? ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 442
Minuscule 442 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), O18 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12 or 13th century. Formerly it was assigned by 68a and 73p. It shared all these designations with Minuscule 441, with which it now comprises a single codex. Description The codex contains the text of the Catholic epistles and 1 Corinthians 13:6 to Hebrews 13:25 of the Pauline epistles on 129 parchment leaves (). It is written in one column of 38-39 lines per page. It contains the Euthalian Apparatus, subscriptions at the end of each book, , and four prolegomena to the Hebrews. The biblical text is surrounded by a catena of Oecumenius. Leaves 3-182 form another manuscript which is now bound in the same codex. These leaves have a duplicate portion (1 Cor 13:6-15:38) and some contradictory readings. Now they are classified as Minuscule 441. Text The Greek text of the codex is r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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