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Migmatocephala
Migmatocephala is a clade of placoderm fish within the suborder Brachythoraci. Migmatocephala includes the homostiids ''Taemasosteus'', ''Tityosteus'', ''Antineosteus'', ''Atlantidosteus'', and ''Homosteus ''Homosteus'' is a genus of flattened arthrodire placoderm from the Middle Devonian. Fossils are found primarily in Eifelian-epoch aged strata of Europe, Canada, Greenland, and Estonia. All of the species had comparatively large, flattened he ...''. Phylogeny The cladogram shown here is based on "A new species of Atlantidosteus Lelièvre, 1984 (Placodermi, Arthrodira, Brachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of the Broken River area (Queensland, Australia)". References Fossil taxa described in 1995 Arthrodires {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tityosteus Rieversi
''Tityosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Early Emsian of the Early Devonian, with fossils known from Germany, the Ibero-Armorican Trough, and southern Siberia. Description ''Tityosteus'' has only an 11 cm right marginal plate known, and margin ends and parts, in addition to the central plate overlap area being broken. According to "Tityosteus, A MARINE FISH (ARTHRODIRA, HOMOSTIIDAE) FROM THE EMSIAN OF ARAGÓN, SPAIN, AND ITS DISTRIBUTION", given Tityosteus's distribution, and Carolowilhelma (a pelagic arthrodire), being from similar facies as Tityosteus ( Eifelian of Aragón, Spain), it may have been pelagic, and able to cross open waters. Diet While the inferognathals of ''Tityosteus'' have not been found, they could be either "toothless", like ''Homosteus'', which has been suggested to be planktivorous, or possessing fine denticles, like ''Antineosteus''. It has been suggested that ''Tityosteus'' probably was similar to the wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tityosteus
''Tityosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Early Emsian of the Early Devonian, with fossils known from Germany, the Ibero-Armorican Trough, and southern Siberia. Description ''Tityosteus'' has only an 11 cm right marginal plate known, and margin ends and parts, in addition to the central plate overlap area being broken. According to "Tityosteus, A MARINE FISH (ARTHRODIRA, HOMOSTIIDAE) FROM THE EMSIAN OF ARAGÓN, SPAIN, AND ITS DISTRIBUTION", given Tityosteus's distribution, and Carolowilhelma (a pelagic arthrodire), being from similar facies as Tityosteus (Eifelian of Aragón, Spain), it may have been pelagic, and able to cross open waters. Diet While the inferognathals of ''Tityosteus'' have not been found, they could be either "toothless", like ''Homosteus'', which has been suggested to be planktivorous, or possessing fine denticles, like ''Antineosteus''. It has been suggested that ''Tityosteus'' probably was similar to the whale shark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taemasosteus
''Taemasosteus'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm. Its fossils have been found in Emsian-aged marine strata in New South Wales, Australia. It contains two species, ''T. novaustrocambricus'', and ''T. maclartiensis''. The genus (and a monotypic family, "Taemasosteidae") was originally erected on the basis of "an imperfect" paranuchal, though, more specimens were found, eventually leading "Taemasosteidae" to be subsumed into Buchanosteidae. Even so, the reconstructed anatomy leads some researchers to conclude that ''Taemasosteus'' is close to the ancestry of Homostiidae. These researchers place ''Taemasosteus'' as the sister taxon of Homostiidae (or a select group of the better known homostiid genera) within the taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantidosteus
''Atlantidosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Early to Middle Devonian of Morocco and Queensland. It contains two known species, ''A. hollardi'' and ''A. pacifica''. Description ''Atlantidosteus pacifica'' is known from a right suborbital plate, found in the Broken River Group of Queensland, Australia. Phylogeny ''Atlantidosteus'' is part of the clade Migmatocephala, closer related to Homostius, than Antineosteus. {{Clade, style={{Clade , 1=''Tityosteus'' , 0=''Taemasosteus'', 4={{Clade , 1=''Antineosteus ''Antineosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Emsian, Early Devonian Kess-Kess Mounds, in the eastern Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic. Description ''Antineosteus lehmani'' i ...'' , 2={{Clade , 1=''Atlantidosteus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emsian
The Emsian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 407.6 ± 2.6 million years ago to 393.3 ± 1.2 million years ago. It was preceded by the Pragian Stage and followed by the Eifelian Stage. It is named after the Ems river in Germany. The GSSP is located in the Zinzil'ban Gorge in the Kitab State Geological Reserve of Uzbekistan, above the contact with the Madmon Formation. In North America the Emsian Stage is represented by Sawkill or Sawkillian time. Biological events During this period, earliest known agoniatitid ammonoid fossils began appearing within this stage after first appearing in previous stage and began to evolutionarily radiate within this stage, in which a new ammonoid order Goniatitida rises in the end of Zlichovian stage (Siberian representation; corresponds to early Eifelian and after the end of Early Devonian, before 391.9 mya). Later agoniatitid ammonoids would die out in the Taghanic event in the upper middle Givetian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Givetian
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Eifelian Stage and followed by the Frasnian Stage. It is named after the town of Givet in France. The oldest forests occurred during the late Givetian. The lower GSSP is located at Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco. Name and definition The Givetian Stage was proposed in 1879 by French geologist Jules Gosselet Jules-Auguste Gosselet (19 April 1832 – 20 March 1916) was a French geologist born in Cambrai, France. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachythoraci
Brachythoraci is an extinct suborder of arthrodire placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian. Phylogeny Arthrodira is divided into three main groups: the paraphyletic Actinolepida and Phlyctaenii, and then the monophyletic Brachythoraci. Brachythoraci is then further divided into the large derived clade Eubrachythoraci and several basal groups: Buchanosteoidea, Homosteidae, and Holonematidae. (Although Holonematidae's membership in Brachythoraci is disputed.) Below is a cladogram from the 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... study: References Arthrodires Prehistoric animal suborders Fish suborders {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homostiidae
Homostiidae is a family of flattened arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Middle Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, Russia, Morocco, Australia, Canada and Greenland. Many homostiids have " toothless" jaws, and large sizes. suggesting that many homostiids were probably filter feeders, like the also noticeably flattened Rhincodon typus. All homostiids have flattened and elongated skulls. According to Denison 1978, primitive homostiids have moderately long median dorsal plates, whereas in "advanced" homostiids, the median dorsal tends to be short and broad. Obruchev (1964) placed the following primitive genera ''Euleptaspis'', ''Lophostracon'' and ''Luetkeichthys'' in a separate family, "Euleptaspididae," and Ørvig (1969), claimed that the Euleptaspidids were totally unrelated to Homostiidae proper (i.e., being neither related to, nor ancestral), but, according to Denison, did not clearly explain his reasons why this was so. Genera ''Angarichthys'' A compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antineosteus
''Antineosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Emsian, Early Devonian Kess-Kess Mounds, in the eastern Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic. Description ''Antineosteus lehmani'' is rather fragmentary, known from a left anterior dorsolateral plate, a left paranuchal plate, and an inferognathal. ''A. rufus'' is known from a nearly-complete right head shield plate, and a right anterior dorsolateral plate. ''A. rufus'' is estimated to exceed , from measuring the plates with the ones from better-preserved, related taxa. Diet ''Antineosteus'', like many other members of Homostiidae, lacked bladed dentition on their jaws, and was large in size. These traits all in one animal support a planktivorous lifestyle, like baleen whales, or the whale shark, as supported by Denison, 1978, suggesting similar lifestyles for arthrodires like ''Homostius'', making it reasonable for many homostiids to be suspension-feeders like t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homosteus
''Homosteus'' is a genus of flattened arthrodire placoderm from the Middle Devonian. Fossils are found primarily in Eifelian-epoch aged strata of Europe, Canada, Greenland, and Estonia. All of the species had comparatively large, flattened heads with, as suggested by the upward opening orbits, upward-pointing eyes. These adaptations suggest that the various species were benthic predators. A study on ''Titanichthys'', in contrast, suggests that species of ''Homosteus'' may have been filter-feeders instead. ''Homosteus'' specimens from the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland are known to be significantly radioactive, on the order of 1.2 * 104 gamma/min/g ic Notably, ''Homosteus'' specimens are the only fish fossils from the Old Red Sandstone to show significant radioactivity. This suggests that these specimens became radioactive from the animals ingesting radioactive isotopes in life (e.g., through ingesting radioactive sediment), rather than radioactive isotopes being absorbed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
