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Michele Cipolla
Michele Cipolla (28 October 1880, Palermo – 7 September 1947, Palermo) was an Italian mathematician, mainly specializing in number theory. He was a professor of Algebraic Analysis at the University of Catania The University of Catania ( it, Università degli Studi di Catania) is a university located in Catania, Sicily. Founded in 1434, it is the oldest university in Sicily, the 13th oldest in Italy, and the 29th oldest university in the world. With a ... and, later, the University of Palermo. He developed (among other things) a theory for sequences of sets and Cipolla's algorithm for finding square roots modulo a prime number. He also solved the problem of binomial congruence. Publications *''Opere'' (Hrsg.: Guido Zappa) Sede della Soc., Palermo 1997. XXXII, 547 S. : Ill. (Supplemento ai Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo ; Ser. 2, No. 47) *''Storia della matematica dai primordi a Leibniz''. Soc. Ed. Siciliana, Mazara 1949. 174 S. Literature *Michele Cipo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michele Cipolla
Michele Cipolla (28 October 1880, Palermo – 7 September 1947, Palermo) was an Italian mathematician, mainly specializing in number theory. He was a professor of Algebraic Analysis at the University of Catania The University of Catania ( it, Università degli Studi di Catania) is a university located in Catania, Sicily. Founded in 1434, it is the oldest university in Sicily, the 13th oldest in Italy, and the 29th oldest university in the world. With a ... and, later, the University of Palermo. He developed (among other things) a theory for sequences of sets and Cipolla's algorithm for finding square roots modulo a prime number. He also solved the problem of binomial congruence. Publications *''Opere'' (Hrsg.: Guido Zappa) Sede della Soc., Palermo 1997. XXXII, 547 S. : Ill. (Supplemento ai Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo ; Ser. 2, No. 47) *''Storia della matematica dai primordi a Leibniz''. Soc. Ed. Siciliana, Mazara 1949. 174 S. Literature *Michele Cipo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palermo
Palermo ( , ; scn, Palermu , locally also or ) is a city in southern Italy, the capital (political), capital of both the autonomous area, autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan province. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is in the northwest of the island of Sicily, by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as ("flower"). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage. Two ancient Greeks, Greek ancient Greek colonization, colonies were established, known collectively as ; the Carthaginians used this name on their coins after the 5th centuryBC. As , the town became part of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, Empire for over a thousand years. From 831 to 1072 the city was under History of Islam in southern Italy, Arab ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italians
, flag = , flag_caption = The national flag of Italy , population = , regions = Italy 55,551,000 , region1 = Brazil , pop1 = 25–33 million , ref1 = , region2 = Argentina , pop2 = 20–25 million , ref2 = , region3 = United States , pop3 = 17-20 million , ref3 = , region4 = France , pop4 = 1-5 million , ref4 = , region5 = Venezuela , pop5 = 1-5 million , ref5 = , region6 = Paraguay , pop6 = 2.5 million , region7 = Colombia , pop7 = 2 million , ref7 = , region8 = Canada , pop8 = 1.5 million , ref8 = , region9 = Australia , pop9 = 1.0 million , ref9 = , region10 = Uruguay , pop10 = 1.0 million , r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Number Theory
Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic function, integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics."German original: "Die Mathematik ist die Königin der Wissenschaften, und die Arithmetik ist die Königin der Mathematik." Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of mathematical objects made out of integers (for example, rational numbers) or defined as generalizations of the integers (for example, algebraic integers). Integers can be considered either in themselves or as solutions to equations (Diophantine geometry). Questions in number theory are often best understood through the study of Complex analysis, analytical objects (for example, the Riemann zeta function) that encode properties of the integers, primes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Catania
The University of Catania ( it, Università degli Studi di Catania) is a university located in Catania, Sicily. Founded in 1434, it is the oldest university in Sicily, the 13th oldest in Italy, and the 29th oldest university in the world. With a population of over 60,000 students, it is the main university in Sicily. Departments Following the Italian higher education reform introduced by the law 240/10 and adopted by the University of Catania in its new statute, faculties have been deactivated and departments have been reorganized. The University of Catania now has 17 departments, the Faculty of Medicine, and two special didactic units established in the decentralized offices of Ragusa (Modern Languages) and Syracuse (Architecture). that, additionally to the traditional assignments of scientific research, are in charge of the organization and management of educational activities. A special didactic unit is also the school of excellence "Scuola Superiore di Catania", a higher educa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Palermo
The University of Palermo ( it, Università degli Studi di Palermo) is a university located in Palermo, Italy, and founded in 1806. It is organized in 12 Faculties. History The University of Palermo was officially founded in 1806, although its earliest roots date back to 1498 when medicine and law were taught there. A little later in history, from the second half of the 16th century from their seat at the Collegio Massimo al Cassero, the Jesuit Fathers granted degrees in Theology and Philosophy - subjects in which they had been masters for over 200 years. In 1767 they were expelled from the kingdom by King Ferdinand I, until 37 years later, when they returned to take their seat - which in the meantime had been turned into the Regia Accademia. At this time, the same King Ferdinand decided to grant a good seat to the Accademia, moving its location to the Convent of the Teatini Fathers next to the Church of St. Giuseppe. After the unification of Italy in 1860, the University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cipolla's Algorithm
In computational number theory, Cipolla's algorithm is a technique for solving a congruence of the form :x^2\equiv n \pmod, where x,n \in \mathbf_, so ''n'' is the square of ''x'', and where p is an odd prime. Here \mathbf_p denotes the finite field with p elements; \. The algorithm is named after Michele Cipolla, an Italian mathematician who discovered it in 1907. Apart from prime moduli, Cipolla's algorithm is also able to take square roots modulo prime powers. "History of the Theory of Numbers" Volume 1 by Leonard Eugene Dickson, p218read online Algorithm Inputs: * p, an odd prime, * n \in \mathbf_p, which is a square. Outputs: * x \in \mathbf_p, satisfying x^2= n . Step 1 is to find an a \in \mathbf_p such that a^2 - n is not a square. There is no known deterministic algorithm for finding such an a, but the following trial and error method can be used. Simply pick an a and by computing the Legendre symbol (a^2-n, p) one can see whether a satisfies the condition. The cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rendiconti Del Circolo Matematico Di Palermo
The Circolo Matematico di Palermo (Mathematical Circle of Palermo) is an Italian mathematical society, founded in Palermo by Sicilian geometer Giovanni B. Guccia in 1884.The Mathematical Circle of Palermo . Retrieved 2011-06-19. It began accepting foreign members in 1888, and by the time of Guccia's death in 1914 it had become the foremost international mathematical society, with approximately one thousand members. However, subsequently to that time it declined in influence. Publications ''Rendiconti del Circolo Matemat ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Method For Taking The Modular Square Root For A Prime Modulus
Method ( grc, μέθοδος, methodos) literally means a pursuit of knowledge, investigation, mode of prosecuting such inquiry, or system. In recent centuries it more often means a prescribed process for completing a task. It may refer to: * Scientific method, a series of steps, or collection of methods, taken to acquire knowledge * Method (computer programming), a piece of code associated with a class or object to perform a task *Method (patent), under patent law, a protected series of steps or acts * Methodology, comparison or study and critique of individual methods that are used in a given discipline or field of inquiry *'' Discourse on the Method'', a philosophical and mathematical treatise by René Descartes * ''Methods'' (journal), a scientific journal covering research on techniques in the experimental biological and medical sciences Arts * Method (music), a kind of textbook to help students learning to play a musical instrument * ''Method'' (2004 film), a 2004 film direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Italian Mathematicians
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
