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Meteloidine
Meteloidine is an alkaloid found in some ''Brugmansia'' and ''Datura'' species. Its also found in '' Erythroxylum australe'' and is said to be cocaine-like alkaloid. Occurrence The first report of the isolation from a natural source of meteloidine was in 1908 by Frank Lee Pyman and William Colebrook Reynolds from the flowering plant Datura metel along Angelate ester and ''Datura meteloides'' (now reclassified as ''Datura innoxia''). Meteloidine is primarily found in solanaceous plants, and in one species of genus ''Erythroxylum''. It has been found in the leaves and flowers of '' Brugmansia candida'', and in the roots of '' Datura leichhardtii'', ''Brugmansia suaveolens'', ''Anthocercis littorea'' and ''Anthocercis viscosa'' in minor quantities, and in '' Anthocercis genistoides'' as its principal alkaloid. Meteloidine has been identified in ''Erythroxylum australe'', which is of chemotaxonomic interest as meteloidine has been found in a number of the Solanacae family, but in o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datura Metel
''Datura metel'' is a shrub-like annual (zone 5–7) or short-lived, shrubby perennial (zone 8–10), commonly known in Europe as Indian thornapple, Hindu Datura, or metel and in the United States as devil's trumpet or angel's trumpet. ''Datura metel'' is naturalised in all the warmer countries of the world. It is found notably in India, where it is known by the ancient, Sanskrit-derived, Hindi name ''dhatūra'' (धतूरा), from which the genus name ''Datura'' is derived. The plant is cultivated worldwide, both as an ornamental and for its medicinal properties, the latter being due to its tropane alkaloid content. Like its hardier and smaller-flowered relative ''Datura stramonium'', it is now of widespread occurrence, although showing a preference for warmer, humid climates. Description The plant is an annual or short-lived shrubby perennial herb. The roots are a branched tap root, and are not fleshy like roots found in perennial species such as ''Datura innoxia'' and ''D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids xumuk.ru Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including , , Medicinal plant, plants, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water. Function The major functions of roots are absorption of water, plant nutrition and anchoring of the plant body to the ground. Anatomy Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem, the elongation zone, and the hair. The root cap of new roots helps the root penetrate the soil. These root caps are sloughed off as the root goes deeper creating a slimy surface that provides lubrication. The apical meristem behind the root cap produces new root cells that elongate. Then, root hairs form that absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil. The first root in seed producing plants is the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diols
A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups ( groups). An aliphatic diol is also called a glycol. This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified. The most common industrial diol is ethylene glycol. Examples of diols in which the hydroxyl functional groups are more widely separated include 1,4-butanediol and propylene-1,3-diol, or beta propylene glycol, . Synthesis of classes of diols Geminal diols A geminal diol has two hydroxyl groups bonded to the same atom. These species arise by hydration of the carbonyl compounds. The hydration is usually unfavorable, but a notable exception is formaldehyde which, in water, exists in equilibrium with methanediol H2C(OH)2. Another example is (F3C)2C(OH)2, the hydrated form of hexafluoroacetone. Many gem-diols undergo further condensation to give dimeric and oligomeric derivatives. This reaction applies to glyoxal and related aldehydes. Vicinal diols In a vicinal diol, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catuabine
Catuabines are a group of tropane alkaloids, isolated from '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'', which are used in the preparation of the drug Catuaba (which in traditional Brazilian medicine is purported to be an aphrodisiac and central nervous system stimulant, though such claims have not been substantiated). While catuabine A, B and C were isolated and characterized by Graf and Lude (1977, 1978), catuabine D was recently isolated by Zanolari et al. The catuabines are not known to have any physiological effects, this is in contrast to cocaine, which is an active constituent of another species, ''Erythroxylum coca''. See also * Hygrine *Cuscohygrine References * Glasl, S.; Presser, A.; Werner, I.; Haslinger, E.; Jurenitsch, J. (2003): Tropane alkaloids from a Brazilian bark traded as "Catuaba". Scientia Pharmaceutica Vol. 71: 113-119. (, CODEN SCPHA4). * Glasl, S.; Presser, A.; Werner, I.; Haslinger, E.; Jurenitsch, J. (2004): Erratum to Tropane alkaloids from a Brazilian bark tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serpentine (alkaloid)
Serpentine is a terpene indole alkaloid produced by several members of the family Apocynaceae, including ''Catharanthus roseus'' and ''Rauvolfia serpentina''. See also *Vinervine *Akuammicine References Alkaloids found in Apocynaceae {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daturadiol
Daturadiol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in ''Datura'' species including ''Datura stramonium'' and ''Datura innoxia''. It is also found in non-Solanaceae plants such as ''Vernicia fordii'' and '' Terminalia brasiliensis''. See also * Anisodamine * Daturaolone * Oleanane Oleanane is a natural triterpenoid. It is commonly found in woody angiosperms and as a result is often used as an indicator of these plants in the fossil record. It is a member of the oleanoid series, which consists of pentacyclic triterpenoids ( ... References {{Reflist Triterpenes Diols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylaceae (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. The four genera are ''Aneulophus'' Benth., ''Erythroxylum'' P.Browne, ''Nectaropetalum'' Engl., and ''Pinacopodium'' Exell & Mendonça. The best-known species are the coca plants, including the species ''Erythroxylum coca'', the source of the substance coca Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America. Coca is known worldwide for its psychoactive alkaloid, cocaine. The plant is grown as a cash crop in the Argentine Northwest, Bolivia, Al .... References Malpighiales families {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemotaxonomy
Webster's Dictionary, Merriam-Webster defines ''chemotaxonomy'' as the method of biology, biological classification based on similarities and dissimilarity in the structure of certain chemical compound, compounds among the organisms being classified. Advocates argue that, as proteins are more closely controlled by genes and less subjected to natural selection than the anatomy, anatomical features, they are more reliable indicators of genetic distance, genetic relationships. The compounds studied most are proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, peptides etc. Physiology is the study of working of organ (anatomy), organs in a List of life forms, living being. Since working of the organs involves chemicals of the human body, body, these compounds are called biochemical, biochemical evidences. The study of Morphology (biology), morphological change has shown that there are changes in the anatomy, structure of animals which result in evolution. When changes take place in the structure of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthocercis
''Anthocercis'', commonly known as tailflower, is a genus of shrubs which are endemic to southern temperate Australia with the center of distribution in the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.George ''et al.''. (1982) All species of ''Anthocercis'' contain tropane alkaloids, and have occasionally caused poisoning in children or suspected of poisoning stock. Anthocercis is known as the only Solanaceous plant known to produce resin compounds on glandular trichomes. Taxonomy The genus, which is placed within the family Solanaceae, was first formally described by botanist Jacques Labillardière in ''Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen'', Vol. 2: 19 (1806). The type species of the genus is ''Anthocercis littorea'' Labill. ''Anthocercis'' lies in the subfamily Nicotianoideae. The genus is considered to be part of the tribe "Anthocercideae," but the monophyly of this grouping has been called into question. The species within ''Anthocercis'', however, form a monophyletic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brugmansia Suaveolens
''Brugmansia suaveolens'', Brazil's white angel trumpet, also known as angel's tears and snowy angel's trumpet, is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to south eastern Brazil, but thought to be extinct in the wild. Like several other species of ''Brugmansia'', it exists as an introduced species in areas outside its native range. It is a tender shrub or small tree with large semi-evergreen leaves and fragrant yellow or white trumpet-shaped flowers. Description ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' is a semi-woody shrub or small tree, growing up to tall, often with a many-branched trunk. The leaves are oval, to long by wide, and even larger when grown in the shade. The flowers, which tend to be white in colour, are remarkably beautiful and sweetly fragrant, about long and shaped like trumpets. The corolla body is slightly recurved to 5 main points, but the very peaks in the true species are always curved outwards, never rolled back, and these peaks are s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datura Leichhardtii
''Datura leichhardtii'' is a species of thorn apple in the genus ''Datura''. In 1844, Ludwig Leichhardt is said to have discovered this species in Australia. Ferdinand von Mueller gave it the name ''Datura leichhardtii'' when he published his first description of it in 1855. The natural habitat of this species covered an area from Mexico to Guatemala. It was taken to Australia, where today is widespread in Queensland, the Northern Territory and New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es .... The plant is extremely fond of heat, and its preferred habitat is close to rivers and streams. ''Datura leichhardtii'' grows into a bush from 1.5 to 3 ft tall. The plants are green and a bit furry, with inconspicuous yellowish white flowers. The spiny seed capsule is ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
