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Mechanics (Aristotle)
''Mechanics'' ( el, Μηχανικά; la, Mechanica), also called ''Mechanical Problems'' or ''Questions of Mechanics'', is a text traditionally attributed to Aristotle, but generally regarded as spurious. Thomas Winter has suggested that the author was Archytas. However, Michael Coxhead says that it is only possible to conclude that the author was one of the Peripatetics. During the Renaissance, an edition of this work was published by Francesco Maurolico. A Latin translation was made by Vettor Fausto, dedicated to Giovanni Badoer in 1517. See also *Aristotle's wheel paradox Aristotle's wheel paradox is a paradox or problem appearing in the Greek work ''Mechanica'', traditionally attributed to Aristotle. It states as follows: A wheel is depicted in two-dimensional space as two circles. Its larger, outer circle is tang ... Notes External links * Pseudo-Aristotle, ''Mechanica''- Greek text and English translation * Works by Aristotle Ancient Greek technology [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical Greece, Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum (classical), Lyceum and the wider Aristotelianism, Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including Physics (Aristotle), physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, Poetics (Aristotle), poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, meteorology, History of geology, geology, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that Western culture, the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan Barnes
Jonathan Barnes, FBA (born 26 December 1942 in Wenlock, Shropshire) is an English scholar of Aristotelian and ancient philosophy. Education and career He was educated at the City of London School and Balliol College, Oxford University. He taught for 25 years at Oxford University before moving to the University of Geneva. He was a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1968–78; a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1978–94, and has been Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College since 1994. He was Professor of Ancient Philosophy, Oxford University, 1989–94. He was Professor of Ancient Philosophy at the University of Geneva 1994–2002. He taught at the University of Paris-Sorbonne in France, and took his éméritat in 2006. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1987. He is an expert on ancient Greek philosophy, and has edited the two-volume collection of Aristotle's works as well as a number of commentaries on Aristotle, the pre-Socratics and other areas of Greek thoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archytas
Archytas (; el, Ἀρχύτας; 435/410–360/350 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, music theorist, astronomer, statesman, and strategist. He was a scientist of the Pythagorean school and famous for being the reputed founder of mathematical mechanics, as well as a good friend of Plato. Life and work Archytas was born in Tarentum, Magna Graecia and was the son of Mnesagoras or Hadees. For a while, he was taught by Philolaus, and was a teacher of mathematics to Eudoxus of Cnidus. Archytas and Eudoxus' student was Menaechmus. As a Pythagorean, Archytas believed that only arithmetic, not geometry, could provide a basis for satisfactory proofs. Archytas is believed to be the founder of mathematical mechanics.: ''Vitae philosophorum'' As only described in the writings of Aulus Gellius five centuries after him, he was reputed to have designed and built the first artificial, self-propelled flying device, a bird-shaped model propelled by a jet of what was prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Nelson Winter
Thomas Nelson Winter (born in 1944) was an American associate professor of Greek in Classics and Religious Studies at University of Nebraska at Lincoln and former president of the Unitarian Church of Lincoln. Education From 1968, Winter holds his PhD in Classics at Northwestern University Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Chart ..., Chicago, with the thesis ''Apology as prosecution: the trial of Apuleius''. Some works Thesis * Books * Articles * * * * References 1944 births University of Nebraska faculty {{DEFAULTSORT:Winter, Thomas Nelson Living people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peripatetics
The Peripatetic school was a school of philosophy in Ancient Greece. Its teachings derived from its founder, Aristotle (384–322 BC), and ''peripatetic'' is an adjective ascribed to his followers. The school dates from around 335 BC when Aristotle began teaching in the Lyceum. It was an informal institution whose members conducted philosophical and scientific inquiries. After the middle of the 3rd century BC, the school fell into a decline, and it was not until the Roman era that there was a revival. Later members of the school concentrated on preserving and commenting on Aristotle's works rather than extending them; it died out in the 3rd century. The study of Aristotle's works by scholars who were called Peripatetics continued through late antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the works of the Peripatetic school were lost to the Latin West, but they were preserved in Byzantium and also incorporated into early Islamic ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas and achievements of classical antiquity. It occurred after the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change. In addition to the standard periodization, proponents of a "long Renaissance" may put its beginning in the 14th century and its end in the 17th century. The traditional view focuses more on the early modern aspects of the Renaissance and argues that it was a break from the past, but many historians today focus more on its medieval aspects and argue that it was an extension of the Middle Ages. However, the beginnings of the period – the early Renaissance of the 15th century and the Italian Proto-Renaissance from around 1250 or 1300 – overlap considerably with the Late Middle Ages, conventi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Maurolico
Francesco Maurolico (Latin: ''Franciscus Maurolycus''; Italian: ''Francesco Maurolico''; gr, Φραγκίσκος Μαυρόλυκος, 16 September 1494 - 21/22 July 1575) was a mathematician and astronomer from Sicily. He made contributions to the fields of geometry, optics, conics, mechanics, music, and astronomy. He edited the works of classical authors including Archimedes, Apollonius, Autolycus, Theodosius and Serenus. He also composed his own unique treatises on mathematics and mathematical science. Life Francesco was born in Messina with the surname of Marulì, although the surname is sometimes reported as "Mauroli". He was one of seven sons of Antonio Marulì, a government official, and Penuccia. His father was a Greek physician who fled Constantinople when the Ottomans invaded the city. Antonio had studied with the Neoplatonic Hellenist Constantine Lascaris, so Francesco received a "Lascarian" education through his father and from Francesco Faraone and Giacomo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vettor Fausto
Vettor Fausto or Vittore Fausto (1490–1546) was Venetian Renaissance humanist and naval architect. He was an expert in Greek and the classics. He worked as a copyist and a soldier in his youth. His studies led him to propose the construction of a quinquereme, a galley with five rowers per bench. He published original poetry in Greek, had a hand in the publication of the Complutensian Polyglot Bible and edited classical texts for publication, most notably the '' Aristotelis Mechanica'', which he translated into Latin. In his later years he grew disillusioned with Venetian politics, even being accused of treason. Life Education and work as a scribe Fausto was born in 1490 to a modest family of Greek origin. They probably immigrated to Venice from Cephalonia. Fausto was a Venetian citizen by birth and a native of the city. His original name, in Latin, was Lucius Victor Falchonius. By 1511, he had adopted a different surname, going by Victor Faustus in Latin and Niketas Phaustos in G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Badoer
Giovanni Badoer or Zuan Badoer ( – January 1535) was a poet, politician and diplomat of the Republic of Venice. Badoer was the resident ambassador in Spain (1498–1499; 1512–1514), Naples (1500–1501), Hungary (1501–1503), the Holy See (1507–1508) and France (1516–1517; 1520–1524), and special ambassador to Poland (1502) and the Holy See (1534). The low point of his career came with his failure to stop the League of Cambrai in 1509. He was ''podestà'' of Chioggia (1504–1506), Brescia (1518–1519) and Padua (1531–1532), and captain of Verona (1525–1526). He played a leading role in the reform of Venetian statutes in 1528–1529. In his youth, Badoer wrote poetry. He obtained a doctorate from the University of Padua and a knighthood in Hungary. He was also a patron of humanist scholars recovering the classics, such as Giorgio Valla and Vettor Fausto. Education and entry into politics Giovanni was born around 1465. His father was Renier, his uncle the noted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle's Wheel Paradox
Aristotle's wheel paradox is a paradox or problem appearing in the Greek work ''Mechanica'', traditionally attributed to Aristotle. It states as follows: A wheel is depicted in two-dimensional space as two circles. Its larger, outer circle is tangential to a horizontal surface (e.g. a road that it rolls on), while the smaller, inner one has the same center and is rigidly affixed to the larger. (The smaller circle could be the bead of a tire, the rim it is mounted upon, or the axle.) Assuming the larger circle rolls without slipping (or skidding) for one full revolution, the distances moved by both circles' circumferences are the same. The distance travelled by the larger circle is equal to its circumference, but for the smaller it is greater than its circumference, thereby creating a paradox. The paradox is not limited to wheels: other things depicted in two dimensions display the same behavior such as a roll of tape, or a typical round bottle or jar rolled on its side (the smalle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Works By Aristotle
The Corpus Aristotelicum is the collection of Aristotle's works that have survived from antiquity through medieval manuscript transmission. These texts, as opposed to Aristotle's works that were lost or intentionally destroyed, are technical philosophical treatises from within Aristotle's school. Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's nineteenth-century edition, which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works. Overview of the extant works The extant works of Aristotle are broken down according to the five categories in the Corpus Aristotelicum. Not all of these works are considered genuine, but differ with respect to their connection to Aristotle, his associates and his views. Some are regarded by most scholars as products of Aristotle's "school" and compiled under his direction or supervision. (The '' Constitution of the Athenians'', the only major modern addition to the Corpus Aristotelicum, has also been so regarded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
