Max Stephan
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Max Stephan
Max Stephan (July 10, 1892 – January 13, 1952) was a German-born American citizen convicted of Treason laws in the United States, treason for aiding Peter Krug, a German pilot who had escaped from a Prisoner-of-war camp, prisoner of war camp in Canada. Stephan was initially sentenced to death by hanging. However, President Franklin D. Roosevelt commuted his sentence to life imprisonment just nine hours before he was scheduled to be executed. Stephan died in prison in 1952. Stephan became the first person to be convicted of federal treason charges in a civilian court since the 1790s’ Whiskey Rebellion. Background Germany Stephan's biographical details were chronicled at length in the August 1942 court judgment sentencing him to death. Except where other sourcing is noted, the following summary is based on the details set forth in that judgment. Stephan was born in Cologne, Germany, in 1892. He entered the Imperial German Army at age 20 for two years of compulsory military se ...
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Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the Cologne Bonn Region, urban region. Centered on the left bank of the Rhine, left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. The city's medieval Catholic Cologne Cathedral (), the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world, constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings, is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe. The cityscape is further shaped by the Twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne, and Cologne is famous for Eau de Cologne, that has been produced in the city since 1709, and "col ...
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