Markus Schwaninger
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Markus Schwaninger
Markus Schwaninger (born 26 December 1947) is an Austrian economist and Professor of Management at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and Director of the International World Organization of Systems and Cybernetics. * Schwaninger, Markus. "Intelligent organizations: an integrative framework." ''Systems Research and Behavioral Science'' 18.2 (2001): 137-158. * Sinha-Khetriwal, Deepali, Philipp Kraeuchi, and Markus Schwaninger. "A comparison of electronic waste recycling in Switzerland and in India." ''Environmental Impact Assessment Review'' 25.5 (2005): 492-504. * Markus Schwaninger, "Obituary Anatol Rapoport (May 22, 1911 - January 20, 2007): Pioneer of Systems Theory and Peace Research, Mathematician, Philosopher and Pianist." ''Systems Research and Behavioral Science'', Vol. 24, 2007, pp. 655–658. * Schwaninger, Markus; Groesser, Stefan (2008) "System Dynamics as Model-Based Theory Building." ''Systems Research and Behavioral Science,'' 25 (4) 2008, 447-465 * Schwan ...
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University Of St
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ...
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