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MAFF (gene)
Transcription factor MafF is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MAFF'' gene. MafF is one of the small Maf proteins, which are basic region and leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factors. The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee-approved gene name of ''MAFF'' is “v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F”. Discovery MafF was first cloned and identified in chicken in 1993 as a member of the small Maf (sMaf) genes. MAFF has been identified in many vertebrates, including humans. There are three functionally redundant sMaf proteins in vertebrates, MafF, MafG, and MafK. Structure MafF has a bZIP structure that consists of a basic region for DNA binding and a leucine zipper structure for dimer formation. Similar to other sMafs, MafF lacks any canonical transcriptional activation domains. Expression ''MAFF'' is broadly but differentially expressed in various tissues. ''MAFF'' expression was detected in all 16 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NFE2L1
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (Nrf1) also known as nuclear factor erythroid-2-like 1 (NFE2L1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NFE2L1'' gene. Since NFE2L1 is referred to as Nrf1, it is often confused with nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1). NFE2L1 is a cap ‘n’ collar, basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor. Several isoforms of NFE2L1 have been described for both human and mouse genes. NFE2L1 was first cloned in yeast using a genetic screening method. NFE2L1 is ubiquitously expressed, and high levels of transcript are detected in the heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, fat, and brain. Four separate regions — an asparagine/serine/threonine, acidic domains near the N-terminus, and a serine-rich domain located near the CNC motif — are required for full transactivation function of NFE2L1. NFE2L1 is a key regulator of cellular functions including oxidative stress response, differentiation, inflammatory response, metabolism, cholesterol hand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homozygotes
Zygosity (the noun, zygote, is from the Greek "yoked," from "yoke") () is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence. In other words, it is the degree of similarity of the alleles in an organism. Most eukaryotes have two matching sets of chromosomes; that is, they are diploid. Diploid organisms have the same loci on each of their two sets of homologous chromosomes except that the sequences at these loci may differ between the two chromosomes in a matching pair and that a few chromosomes may be mismatched as part of a chromosomal sex-determination system. If both alleles of a diploid organism are the same, the organism is homozygous at that locus. If they are different, the organism is heterozygous at that locus. If one allele is missing, it is hemizygous, and, if both alleles are missing, it is nullizygous. The DNA sequence of a gene often varies from one individual to another. These gene variants are called alleles. While some gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterozygote
Zygosity (the noun, zygote, is from the Greek "yoked," from "yoke") () is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence. In other words, it is the degree of similarity of the alleles in an organism. Most eukaryotes have two matching sets of chromosomes; that is, they are diploid. Diploid organisms have the same loci on each of their two sets of homologous chromosomes except that the sequences at these loci may differ between the two chromosomes in a matching pair and that a few chromosomes may be mismatched as part of a chromosomal sex-determination system. If both alleles of a diploid organism are the same, the organism is homozygous at that locus. If they are different, the organism is heterozygous at that locus. If one allele is missing, it is hemizygous, and, if both alleles are missing, it is nullizygous. The DNA sequence of a gene often varies from one individual to another. These gene variants are called alleles. While some ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BACH2
Transcription regulator protein BACH2 (broad complex-tramtrack-bric a brac and Cap'n'collar homology 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BACH2'' gene. It contains a BTB/POZ domain at its N-terminus which forms a disulphide-linked dimer and a bZip_Maf domain at the C-terminus. Disease associations Single nucleotide variants in BACH2 have been linked to a number of autoimmune diseases in humans. Mendelian BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) syndrome in humans is caused by haploinsufficiency of this transcription factor resulting from germline mutations. In T cells, BACH2 is recruited by the transcription factor Vitamin D receptor ( VDR) both ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo'' (for example, in psoriasis skin) and is an essential component of the regulatory functions of Vitamin D in these cells. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of BACH2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called ''Bach2tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi'' was generat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BACH1
Transcription regulator protein BACH1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BACH1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the cap'n'collar type of basic region leucine zipper factor family (CNC-bZip). The encoded protein contains broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) domains, which is atypical of CNC-bZip family members. These BTB/POZ domains facilitate protein-protein interactions and formation of homo- and/or hetero-oligomers. The C-terminus of the protein is a leucine zipper of the bzip_maf family. When this protein forms a heterodimer with MafK, it functions as a repressor of Maf recognition element (MARE) and transcription is repressed. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. Some exons of this gene overlap with some exons from the C21orf41 gene, which is transcribed in an opposite orientation to this gene but does not seem to encode a protein. See ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NFE2L3
Nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-like factor 3, also known as NFE2L3 or 'NRF3', is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ''Nfe2l3'' gene. Nrf3 is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor belonging to the Cap ‘n’ Collar (CNC) family of proteins. In 1989, the first CNC transcription factor NFE2L2 was identified. Subsequently, several related proteins were identified, including NFE2L1 and NFE2L3, in different organisms such as humans, mice, and zebrafish. These proteins are specifically encoded in the humans by ''Nfe2l1'' and ''Nfe2l3'' genes respectively. Gene The ''Nfe2l3'' gene was mapped to the chromosomal location 7p15-p14 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). It covers 34.93 kB from base 26191830 to 26226754 on the direct DNA strand with an exon count of 4. The gene is found near the HOXA gene cluster, similar to the clustering of p45 NF-E2, NFE2L1, and NFE2L2 near HOXC, HOXB, and HOXD genes respectively. This implies that all four genes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NFE2L2
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), also known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2, is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ''NFE2L2'' gene. NRF2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein that may regulate the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation, according to preliminary research. In vitro, NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter regions of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins. NRF2 induces the expression of heme oxygenase 1 ''in vitro'' leading to an increase in phase II enzymes. NRF2 also inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. NRF2 appears to participate in a complex regulatory network and performs a pleiotropic role in the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, autophagy, proteostasis, mitochondrial physiology, and immune responses. Several drugs that stimulate the NFE2L2 pathway are being studied for treatment of diseases that are ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NFE2
__NOTOC__ Transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NFE2'' gene. It is involved in megakaryocyte production. Interactions NFE2 has been shown to interact with CREB-binding protein Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Response Element Binding protein Binding Protein (CREB-binding protein), also known as CREBBP or CBP or KAT3A, is a coactivator encoded by the ''CREBBP'' gene in humans, located on chromosome 16p13.3. CBP has intrin .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * Transcription factors Human proteins {{gene-12-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BZIP Maf
bZIP Maf is a domain found in Maf transcription factor proteins. It contains a leucine zipper (bZIP) domain, which mediates the transcription factor's dimerization and DNA binding properties. The Maf extended homology region (EHR) is present at the N-terminus of the protein. This region (shown in yellow in the adjacent image) exists only within the Maf family and allows the family to recognize longer DNA motifs than other leucine zippers. These motifs are termed the Maf recognition element (MARE) and is 13 or 14 base pairs long. In particular, the two residues at the beginning of helix H2 are positioned to recognise the flanking region of the DNA. Small Maf proteins heterodimerize with Fos and may act as competitive repressors of the NF2-E2 transcription factor. In mouse, Maf1 may play an early role in axial patterning. Defects in these proteins are a cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Neural retina The retina (from la, rete "net") is the innermost, ligh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MAFG
Transcription factor MafG is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MAFG'' gene. MafG is one of the small Maf proteins, which are basic region and leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factors. The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee-approved gene name of ''MAFG'' is “v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G”. Discovery MafG was first cloned and identified in chicken in 1995 as a new member of the small Maf (sMaf) genes. MAFG has been identified in many vertebrates, including humans. There are three functionally redundant sMaf proteins in vertebrates, MafF, MafG, and MafK. Structure MafG has a bZIP structure that consists of a basic region for DNA binding and a leucine zipper structure for dimer formation. Similar to other sMafs, MafG lacks any canonical transcriptional activation domains. Expression ''MAFG'' is broadly but differentially expressed in various tissues. ''MAFG'' expression was detected in all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
