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List Of Macaronic Forms Of English
The following is a list of macaronic languages. * Alemañol (German/Latin American and Mexican Spanish) * Amideutsch (American English/German) (see Denglisch) * Bahasa Kentut/Bahasa Jaksel (Indonesian/English) * Catañol ( Catalan/Latin American and Mexican Spanish) * Castrapo (Galician/Spanish) * Chinglish (Chinese/American English) * Cocoliche (Rioplatense Spanish/Italian) * Czenglish (Czech/English) * Danglish (Danish/English) * Denglisch (German/British English) * Dunglish (Dutch/British English) * Engrish (East Asian/English) * Europanto (German/French/Spanish/Italian/English) * Franglais = Frenglish (Canadian English/Canadian French) * Frañol/Frespañol = Frespanish (French-Spanish) * Heblish (Hebrew/English) * Hinglish (Hindi/English) * Hunglish (Hungarian/English) * Hunsrik (German/Brazilian Portuguese) * Italesco (Italian/German) * Japlish (Japanese/American English) * Japoñol (Japanese/Spanish) * Llanito (English/Andalusian Spanish) * Kanglish (Kannada/English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alemañol
Alemañol (a portmanteau formed of Spanish words ''alemán'' and ''español'') is a mixed language, spoken by Spanish speakers in German regions, which formed with German and Spanish. It appeared in the 1960s and it is used today by Spaniards, South Americans, and other Latin Americans in German regions. In the same way, it is also spoken by descendants of German settlers in South America, mostly Southern Cone. Alemañol is also spoken by South American residents of German descent in native German-speaking countries. Alemañol is considered a hybrid language by linguists—many actually refer to Alemañol as "Spanish-German code-switching In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. Code-switching is different from plurilingualism ...", though there is some influence of borrowing, and lexical and grammatical shifts as well. Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinglish
Hinglish, a portmanteau of Hindi and English, is the macaronic hybrid use of English and languages of the Indian subcontinent, and especially Hindi. It involves code-switching or translanguaging between these languages whereby they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences. Hinglish can also refer to Romanized Hindi: Hindi written in Latin script (instead of the traditional Devanagari), often also mixed with English words or phrases. The word ''Hinglish'' was first recorded in 1967.Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 25. Other colloquial portmanteau words for Hindi-influenced English include: ''Hindish'' (recorded from 1972), ''Hindlish'' (1985), ''Henglish'' (1993) and ''Hinlish'' (2013). While the name is based on the Hindi language, it does not refer exclusively to Hindi, but "is used in India, with English words blending with Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi and Hindi, and also in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maltenglish
Maltenglish, also known as Manglish, Minglish, Maltese English, ' or refers to the phenomenon of code-switching between Maltese, a Semitic language derived from late medieval Sicilian Arabic with Romance superstrata, and English, an Indo-European Germanic language. Both Maltese and English are official languages in Malta, and about 88% of the Maltese people can speak English as a second language. Various Maltese social groups switch back and forth between the two languages, or macaronically mix lexical aspects of Maltese and English while engaging in informal conversation or writing. The term ''Maltenglish'' is first recorded in 2007. Other colloquial portmanteau words include (chronologically): ''Minglish'' (2006), ''Malglish'' (2016), and ''Manglish'' (2016). Maltenglish can also refer to English loanwords in the Maltese language. Prevalence Recent studies have shown that code-switching is practiced by a third of the population in everyday discourse. The most common a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singlish
Singlish (a portmanteau of ''Singapore'' and ''English'') is an English-based creole language spoken in Singapore. Singlish arose out of a situation of prolonged language contact between speakers of many different languages in Singapore, including Hokkien, Malay, Teochew, Cantonese and Tamil. Singlish originated with the arrival of the British and the establishment of English-medium education in Singapore. Elements of English quickly filtered out of schools and onto the streets, resulting in the development of a pidgin language spoken by non-native speakers as a lingua franca used for communication between speakers of the many different languages used in Singapore. Singlish evolved mainly among the working classes who learned elements of English without formal schooling, mixing in elements of their native languages. After some time, this new pidgin language, now combined with substantial influences from Indian English, Peranakan, southern varieties of Chinese, Malay, and Tami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runglish
Runglish, Ruslish, Russlish (russian: рунглиш, руслиш, русслиш), or Russian English, is a term describing a language born out of a mixture of the English language, English and Russian language, Russian languages. This is a common among Russian speakers who speak English as a second language, and it is mainly spoken in post-Soviet States. The earliest of these portmanteau words is ''Russlish'', dating from 1971. Appearing later are (chronologically): ''Russglish'' (1991), ''Ruglish'' (1993), ''Ringlish'' (1996), ''Ruslish'' (1997), ''Runglish'' (1998), ''Rusglish'' (1999), and ''Rusinglish'' (2015). Runglish is formed by adaptation of English phrases and words into Russian-style by adding affixes, with the purpose of using it in everyday communication. Runglish is a neologism used to represent at least two different combinations of Russian and English: pidgin and informal Romanization of Russian, latinizations of the Cyrillic alphabet. Although less widespread ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuñol
Portuñol (Spanish spelling) or Portunhol (Portuguese spelling) () is a portmanteau of the words portugués/português ("Portuguese") and español/espanhol ("Spanish"), and is the name often given to any non-systematic mixture of Portuguese and SpanishFernández García, Mª Jesús.Portuñol y literatura" Revista de estudios extremeños 62.II (2006): 555-577. (this sense should not be confused with a mixed language spoken in northern Uruguay by the Brazilian border, known by several names, among them ''Portuñol''). Close examination reveals it to be "a polyvalent term (''portuñol''/''portunhol'') used to describe a wide range of phenomena, including spontaneous contact vernaculars in border regions, errors produced by speakers attempting to speak the second language (L2) correctly, and idiosyncratic invented speech designed to facilitate communication between the two languages." Portuñol/Portunhol is frequently a pidgin, or simplified mixture of the two languages, that allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porglish
Porglish or Portugish (referred to in Portuguese as ''portinglês'' – Brazilian: , European: – or ''portunglês'' – pt-BR: , pt-PT: ) is the various types of language contact between Portuguese and English which have occurred in regions where the two languages coexist. These range from improvised macaronic admixture of and code-switching between the languages by bilingual and partially bilingual users, to more-or-less stable patterns of usage. The words are a blend of ''Portuguese'' and ''English''. The earliest is ''Portuglish'' first recorded in 1997, followed by ''Portinglish'' (2001), ''Portlish'' (2005), ''Pinglish'' (2004) and ''Porglish'' (2006). The Portuguese term is a portmanteau of the Portuguese words ''português'' and ''inglês''. Porglish is rare but observable in Macau and other Portuguese-speaking regions in Asia and Oceania, among English-speaking expatriates and tourists in Portugal and Brazil, and Portuguese speakers in countries of the English-spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poglish
Poglish, also known as Polglish and Ponglish (Polish: , ''język polgielski''; German: ), is a blend of two words from Polish and English. It is the product of macaronically mixing Polish- and English-language elements (morphemes, words, grammatical structures, syntactic elements, idioms, etc.) within a single speech production, or the use of "false friends" or of cognate words in senses that have diverged from those of the common etymological root. Such combining or confusion of Polish and English elements, when it occurs within a single word, term, or phrase (e.g., in a hybrid word), may, inadvertently or deliberately, produce a neologism. Poglish is a common phenomenon among persons bilingual in Polish and English; and is a manifestation of a broader phenomenon, that of language interference. As with the mixing of other language pairs, the results of Poglish speech (oral or written) may sometimes be confusing, amusing, or embarrassing. Several portmanteau words have been fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanglish
Kanglish (Kannada: ಕಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್) is a macaronic language of Kannada and English. The name is a portmanteau of the names of the two languages and was first recorded earliest in 1993. Other less common terms are ''Kannalish'' (recorded from 2000), ''Kannadlish'' (2006) and ''Kanlish'' (2009).Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 27. At present in Karnataka, almost all urban people and some rural people talk in this language. This language is result of communication of English and Kannadigas The Kannada people or Kannadigaru IAST">nowiki/>IAST:_Kannadadavaru_or_Kannadigas_(English_term).html" ;"title="IAST.html" ;"title="nowiki/>IAST">nowiki/>IAST: Kannadadavaru or Kannadigas (English term)">IAST.html" ;"title="nowiki/>IAST">nowik .... Examples En sir samachara? : whats the matter sir? Hello, tiffin aytha? : Hello, have you had your tiffin? Swalpa move madi : Just move a bit. Swalpa brak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llanito
''Llanito'' or ''Yanito'' () is a form of Andalusian Spanish heavily laced with words from English and other languages, such as Ligurian; it is spoken in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. It is commonly marked by a great deal of code switching between Andalusian Spanish and British English and by the use of Anglicisms and loanwords from other Mediterranean languages and dialects. The English language is becoming increasingly dominant in Gibraltar, with the younger generation speaking little or no Llanito despite learning Spanish in school. ''Llanito'' is a Spanish word meaning "little plain". Gibraltarians also call themselves ''Llanitos''. Etymology The etymology of the term is uncertain. In Spanish, means "little flatland" and has been interpreted as "people of the flatlands". It is thought that the inhabitants of La Línea with important social and economic ties with Gibraltar, were actually the first to be referred to as since La Línea lies in the pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japlish
''Engrish'' is a slang term for the inaccurate, nonsensical or ungrammatical use of the English language by native speakers of Japanese, as well as Chinese and other Asian languages. The word itself relates to Japanese speakers' tendency to struggle to pronounce the English and distinctly arising from the fact Japanese has only one liquid phoneme (usually romanized ''r''), but its definition encompasses many more errors. Terms such as ''Japanglish'', ''Japlish'', ''Jinglish'', or ''Janglish'' are more specific to Japanese Engrish. The related Japanese term ''wasei-eigo'' ('Japanese-made English') refers to pseudo-anglicisms that have entered into everyday Japanese. The term ''Engrish'' first appears in the 1940s (suggestive of a mispronunciation of ''English'') but it was not until the 1980s that it began to be used as a byname for defective Asian English. While the term may refer to spoken English, it often describes written English. In Japan, it is common to add English te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
