La France Audacieuse
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La France Audacieuse
Audacious France (LFA; ) is a French political party positioned centre-right on the political spectrum. The movement was founded by Christian Estrosi as a movement of local elected officials in October 2017 with several right-wing personalities such as Jean-Luc Moudenc, mayor of Toulouse; Gilles Avérous, mayor of Châteauroux; Alain Chrétien, mayor of Vesoul; and Luc Lemonnier, mayor of Le Havre. LFA became a party in 2020. History Launch On October 14, 2017, Christian Estrosi, mayor of Nice, launched a movement of local elected officials which he called “''France audacieuse''”. This name was already that of a civil society think tank, active since 2016, which carries out in-depth studies on sustainable development and the social economy. The launch of Christian Estrosi's movement was therefore marred by accusations of plagiarism, heavily relayed on Twitter and in the media. The object of the association was to "bring a renewal in French political life by organizing ...
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Christian Estrosi
Christian Paul Gilbert Estrosi (born 1 July 1955) is a French sportsman and politician who has served as Mayor of Nice since 2017, previously holding the office from 2008 to 2016. A former professional motorcyclist, he served as a government minister under Presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. Estrosi also served as President of the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur from 2015 to 2017 and First Deputy Mayor of Nice from 2016 until 2017. He is a former member of The Republicans, which he left in 2021 to join Horizons. Early life Estrosi was born on 1 July 1955 in Nice. His grandparents were immigrants from Italy. Motorcycle racing Estrosi was a professional motorcycle racer and competed at the world championship level in Grand Prix motorcycle racing from 1976 to 1983. His best result was a fourth-place finish in the 1978 500cc French Grand Prix. He repeated this result in 1979 with a fourth place at the 1979 250cc Spanish Grand Prix. He received the Y ...
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Châteauroux
Châteauroux (; ; oc, Chasteurós) is the capital city of the French department of Indre, central France and the second-largest town in the province of Berry, after Bourges. Its residents are called ''Castelroussins'' () in French. Climate Châteauroux temperatures range from an average January low of to an average August high of . History The old town, close to the river, forms a nucleus around which a newer and more extensive quarter, bordered by boulevards, has grown up; the suburbs of St. Christophe and Déols lie on the right bank of the Indre. The castle from which the city takes its name was built in the latter part of the 10th century by Raoul, prince of Déols. From 920 to 1008, the Norman raids forced the monks of the abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys, founded in Brittany by Saint Gildas, to bring his relics to the abbey of Saint-Gildas of Châteauroux that they founded under the protection of the prince Ebbes of Déols, father of Raoul. During the Middle Ages it was ...
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Romain Grau
Romain Grau (born 21 June 1974) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who served as member of the French National Assembly from 2017 to 2022, representing Pyrénées-Orientales's 1st constituency. Early life and education Born into a family of winemakers from Villemolaque, Grau is a graduate of Sciences Po and École nationale d'administration (ENA). Political career In parliament, Grau served as member of the Finance Committee. In July 2019, Grau voted in favor of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada. Shortly after, his office in Perpignan was set on fire while he was inside during anti-government protests of the Yellow vests movement. In 2022, he received a punch in the chin at a protest against the vaccine passport during the COVID-19 pandemic. Grau lost his seat in the second round of the 2022 French legislative election to Sophie Blanc from the National Rally. See also * 2 ...
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Alpes-Maritimes's 5th Constituency
The 5th constituency of Alpes-Maritimes is a French legislative constituency that elects one deputy to the National Assembly.It was represented in the XVth legislature by Marine Brenier of the Republicans (LR). It takes in almost the entirety of the Nicois backcountry, and down to the sea to the west of the city of Nice, thus giving it the nickname 'Nice-Mountains'. Historic Representation Election results 2022 , - , colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9", , - * Brenier previous stood for LR. The swing from her previous result is counted towards the result of the 2022 candidate for LR. 2017 2012 , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Candidate ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Party ! colspan="2" , 1st round ! colspan="2" , 2nd round , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" ! width="75" , Votes ! width="30" , % ! width="75" , Votes ! width="3 ...
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Marine Brenier
Marine Brenier (born 11 August 1986) is a French politician who served as a member of the French National Assembly from 2016 to 2022, representing the department of Alpes-Maritimes. She is a member of two political center-right parties, Horizons and La France Audacieuse. Political career Brenier joined the UMP in 2007. From 2015 to 2017, Brenier served as president of the Young Republicans, succeeding Stéphane Tiki. In parliament, Brenier served on the Committee on Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning (2016–2017) and the Committee on Social Affairs (2017–2022). From 2018 to 2022, Brenier was a member of Soyons libres (SL), founded and led by Valérie Pécresse. In 2021, she led a group of LR deputies pushing for more liberal rules on assisted suicide. Brenier was a candidate in the 2022 legislative elections. Her candidacy was endorsed by Nicolas Sarkozy.John Timsit (10 June 2022)Législatives 2022 : Sarkozy apporte son soutien à une candidate ex-LR pa ...
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Haut-Rhin's 1st Constituency
The 1st constituency of the Haut-Rhin is a French legislative constituency in the Haut-Rhin ''département''. Description The seat includes the town of Colmar and then stretches eastwards towards the Rhine which forms the border with Germany. The seat has followed the historic pattern of Alsace by supporting parties of the right over the PS and its allies. Historic Representation Election results 2022 , - , colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9", , - 2020 by-election The deputy, Éric Straumann, was appointed Mayor of Colmar in 2020. This triggered the accumulation of mandates rule, so he left the National Assembly. His substitute candidate, Brigitte Klinkert, was Minister Delegate for Economic Inclusion, so a by-election was called. , - , colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9", , - 2017 , - , colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9", , - 2012 , - , colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9", , - ...
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Yves Hemedinger
Yves Hemedinger (born 23 October 1965) is a French Republican politician was elected Member of Parliament for Haut-Rhin's 1st constituency in a 2020 by-election. In the 2022 French legislative election Legislative elections in France were held on 12 and 19 June 2022 to elect the 577 members of the 16th National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. The elections took place following the 2022 French presidential election, which was held in A ..., he lost his seat to former minister Brigitte Klinkert. References Living people 1965 births 21st-century French politicians The Republicans (France) politicians Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic {{DEFAULTSORT:Hemedinger, Yves People from Haut-Rhin ...
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La République En Marche!
Renaissance (RE), previously known as La République En Marche ! (frequently abbreviated LREM, LaREM or REM; translated as "The Republic on the Move" or "Republic Forward"), or sometimes called simply En Marche ! () as its original name, is a liberal political party in France. The party was founded on 6 April 2016 by Emmanuel Macron, a former Minister of the Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs, who was later elected president in the 2017 French presidential election with 66.1% of the second-round vote. Presented as a pro-European party, Macron considers LREM to be a progressive movement, uniting both the left and the right. Following that year's presidential election, the party ran candidates in the 2017 French legislative election, including dissidents from the Socialist Party (PS) and the Republicans (LR) as well as minor parties. It won an absolute majority in the National Assembly, securing 308 seats. LREM accepts globalisation and wants to "modernise and moralise ...
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Twitter
Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with 280-character-long messages known as "tweets". Registered users can post, like, and 'Reblogging, retweet' tweets, while unregistered users only have the ability to read public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile Frontend and backend, frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs. Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur), Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California and has more than 25 offices around the world. , more than 100 million users posted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion Web search query, search queries per day. In 2013, it was one of the ten List of most popular websites, most-visited websites and has been de ...
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Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the fraudulent representation of another person's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work.From the 1995 '' Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary'': use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work qtd. in From the Oxford English Dictionary: The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft. While precise definitions vary, depending on the institution, such representations are generally considered to violate academic integrity and journalistic ethics as well as social norms of learning, teaching, research, fairness, respect and responsibility in many cultures. It is subject to sanctions such as penalties, suspension, expulsion from school or work, substantial fines and even imprisonment. Plagiarism is typically not in itself a crime, but like counterfeiting, fraud can be punished in a court f ...
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Nice
Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly 1 millionDemographia: World Urban Areas
, Demographia.com, April 2016
on an area of . Located on the , the southeastern coast of France on the , at the foot of the

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Le Havre
Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very close to the Prime Meridian. Le Havre is the most populous commune of Upper Normandy, although the total population of the greater Le Havre conurbation is smaller than that of Rouen. After Reims, it is also the second largest subprefecture in France. The name ''Le Havre'' means "the harbour" or "the port". Its inhabitants are known as ''Havrais'' or ''Havraises''. The city and port were founded by King Francis I in 1517. Economic development in the Early modern period was hampered by religious wars, conflicts with the English, epidemics, and storms. It was from the end of the 18th century that Le Havre started growing and the port took off first with the slave trade then other international trade. After the 1944 bombings the firm of Auguste ...
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