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Lycinus Caldera
''Lycinus caldera'' is a mygalomorph spider of Chile, named after its type locality: Caldera, Copiapó, Region III.Goloboff, Pablo A. "A revision of the South American spiders of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Part 1, Species from Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. Bulletin of the AMNH; no. 224." (1995). Males are distinguished from '' L. gajardoi'' by the larger cymbium, the thinner and more numerous modified cymbial setae and the shorter embolus, and from those of all other species in the tribe by having cymbial setae directed backwards. Females are distinguished from other Chilean species of Lycinus by the spermathecae with two or three receptacula on each side. Description *Female: total length ; cephalothorax length , width ; cephalic region length , width ; fovea width ; medial ocular quadrangle length , width ; labium length , width ; sternum length , width . Its cephalic region is strongly convex, highland wide short. Its labium lacks cuspules; serrula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to them forming trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs. Description This group of spiders comprises mostly heavy-bodied, stout-legged spiders including tarantulas, Australian funnel-web spiders, mouse spiders, and various families of spiders commonly called trapdoor spiders. Like the " primitive" suborder of spiders Mesothelae, they have two pairs of book lungs, and downward-pointing chelicerae. Because of this, the two groups were once believed to be closely related. Later it was realized that the common ancestors of all spiders had these features (a state known as symplesiomorphy). Following the branching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chañaral
Chañaral is a small coastal city and commune in the Atacama Region, Chile and capital of the Chañaral Province. It is largely unknown by tourists, who generally head straight for towns such as San Pedro de Atacama. The town has no high rise buildings. On the arid hills nearby is a lighthouse which casts a beam over the town during the night. Throughout the day and night, there is a lively atmosphere on the narrow streets. Despite it being coastal, it is not a typical seaside resort, partly because the ocean is contaminated by the copper mining industry. Situated a short distance to the north is the Pan de Azúcar National Park. History In 1824, Diego de Almeyda discovered large natural deposits of copper in the area, and was the first in the mining industry in Chile to export it. For this reason, the town was founded in October 26,1833 as ''Chañaral de las Ánimas'' (" Chañar field of the Souls"). A few years later, Pedro Lujan discovered ore at El Salado, where a mine was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiders Of South America
Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 50,356 spider species in 132 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel, however, as there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that spiders ever had a separate t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemesiidae
Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becoming its own family, it was considered part of "Dipluridae". Description Nemesiidae are relatively large spiders with robust legs and a body that is nearly three times as long as it is wide. They are darkly colored, brown to black, though some have silvery hairs on their carapace. '' Atmetochilus'' females can grow over long. They live in burrows, often with a hinged trapdoor. This door is pushed up while the spider waits for passing prey. They rarely leave their burrows, catching prey and withdrawing as quickly as possible. Some of these burrows have a side tubes, but it is not certain whether ''Sinopesa'' builds burrows at all. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Amblyocarenum'' Simon, 1892 *''Brachythele'' Ausserer, 1871 — Europe, Cyprus *''Calisoga'' Chamberli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regions Of Chile
Chile is divided into 16 regions (in Spanish, ''regiones''; singular ''región''), which are the country's first-level administrative division. Each region is headed by an intendant (''intendente)'', appointed by the President of Chile, and a directly elected regional board (''consejo regional''). The regions are divided into provinces (the second-level administrative division), each headed by a governor (''gobernador'') appointed by the President. There are 56 provinces in total. Provinces are divided into communes (the third and lowest level administrative division), which are governed by municipal councils. Naming Each region was given a Roman numeral, followed by a name (e.g. ''IV Región de Coquimbo'', read as "fourth region of Coquimbo" in Spanish). When the regional structure was created, Roman numerals were assigned in ascending order from north to south, with the northernmost region designated as I (first) and the southernmost region as XII (twelfth). The Santiago Metro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Nemesiidae Species
This page lists all described species of the spider family Nemesiidae accepted by the World Spider Catalog : A ''Amblyocarenum'' '' Amblyocarenum'' Simon, 1892 * '' A. doleschalli'' (Ausserer, 1871) — Italy (mainland, Sicily) * '' A. nuragicum'' Decae, Colombo & Manunza, 2014 — Italy (Sardinia) * '' A. obscurum'' (Ausserer, 1871) — Italy (Sicily) * '' A. walckenaeri'' (Lucas, 1846) ( type) — Mediterranean B ''Brachythele'' '' Brachythele'' Ausserer, 1871 * '' B. bentzieni'' Zonstein, 2007 — Greece * '' B. denieri'' (Simon, 1916) — Greece, Bulgaria * '' B. icterica'' (C. L. Koch, 1838) ( type) — Italy, Croatia, North Macedonia * '' B. incerta'' Ausserer, 1871 — Cyprus * '' B. langourovi'' Lazarov, 2005 — Bulgaria * '' B. media'' Kulczyński, 1897 — Slovenia, Croatia, Albania * '' B. speculatrix'' Kulczyński, 1897 — SE Europe (Balkans) * '' B. varrialei'' (Dalmas, 1920) — Eastern Europe C ''Calisoga'' '' Calisoga'' Chamberlin, 1937 * '' C. anomala'' (Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider Anatomy
The anatomy of spiders includes many characteristics shared with other arachnids. These characteristics include bodies divided into two tagmata (sections or segments), eight jointed legs, no wings or antennae, the presence of chelicerae and pedipalps, simple eyes, and an exoskeleton, which is periodically shed. Spiders also have several adaptations that distinguish them from other arachnids. All spiders are capable of producing silk of various types, which many species use to build webs to ensnare prey. Most spiders possess venom, which is injected into prey (or defensively, when the spider feels threatened) through the fangs of the chelicerae. Male spiders have specialized pedipalps that are used to transfer sperm to the female during mating. Many species of spiders exhibit a great deal of sexual dimorphism. External anatomy Spiders, unlike insects, have only two main body parts ( tagmata) instead of three: a fused head and thorax (called a cephalothorax or prosoma) and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copiapó
Copiapó () is a city and commune in northern Chile, located about 65 kilometers east of the coastal town of Caldera. Founded on December 8, 1744, it is the capital of Copiapó Province and Atacama Region. Copiapó lies about 800 km north of Santiago by the Copiapó River, in the valley of the same name. In the early 21st century, the river has dried up in response to climate change and more severe droughts. The town is surrounded by the Atacama Desert and receives 12 mm (½ in) of rain per year. The population of Copiapó was 9,128 in 1903; and 11,617 in 1907. As of 2012, there are 158,438 inhabitants. Copiapó is in a rich silver and copper mining district. A bronze statue commemorates Juan Godoy, discoverer of the Chañarcillo silver mines in the 19th century. The Copiapó-Caldera railway line, built in 1850, was the first one in South America. The first section between Caldera and Monte Amargo was inaugurated on July 4, 1850 in honor of the Independence Day, as A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycinus Longipes
''Lycinus'' is a genus of spider in the family Nemesiidae, found in parts of South America. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: *'' Lycinus caldera'' Goloboff, 1995 – Chile *''Lycinus choros'' Lucas & Indicatti, 2010 – Chile *'' Lycinus domeyko'' Goloboff, 1995 – Chile *''Lycinus epipiptus'' (Zapfe, 1963) – Chile, Argentina *'' Lycinus frayjorge'' Goloboff, 1995 – Chile *''Lycinus gajardoi'' (Mello-Leitão, 1940) – Chile *''Lycinus lagigliai'' Ferretti, 2015 – Argentina *'' Lycinus longipes'' Thorell, 1894 (type species) – Argentina *''Lycinus nevadoensis'' Ferretti, 2015 – Argentina *''Lycinus portoseguro ''Lycinus'' is a genus of spider in the family Nemesiidae, found in parts of South America. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: *'' Lycinus caldera'' Goloboff, 1995 – Chile *''Lycinus choros'' Lucas & Indicatti ...'' Lucas & Indicatti, 2010 – Brazil *'' Lycinus quilicura'' Goloboff, 1995 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chile covers an area of , with a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. It shares land borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the north-east, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chile also controls the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. It also claims about of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The country's capital and largest city is Santiago, and its national language is Spanish. Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. In 1818, after declaring in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sternum
The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word "sternum" originates from the Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon), meaning "chest". Structure The sternum is a narrow, flat bone, forming the middle portion of the front of the chest. The top of the sternum supports the clavicles (collarbones) and its edges join with the costal cartilages of the first two pairs of ribs. The inner surface of the sternum is also the attachment of the sternopericardial ligaments. Its top is also connected to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The sternum consists of three main parts, listed from the top: * Manubrium * Body (gladiolus) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
