Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of

mygalomorph The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to t ...

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becoming its own family, it was considered part of "

Dipluridae The family Dipluridae, known as curtain-web spiders (or confusingly with other distantly related ones as funnel-web tarantulas) are a group of spiders in the infraorder Mygalomorphae, that have two pairs of booklungs, and chelicerae (fangs) tha ...

Description

PSM V38 D201 Burrow of spider leptopelma cavicula

Nemesiidae are relatively large spiders with robust legs and a body that is nearly three times as long as it is wide. They are darkly colored, brown to black, though some have silvery hairs on their carapace. '' Atmetochilus'' females can grow over long. They live in burrows, often with a hinged trapdoor. This door is pushed up while the spider waits for passing prey. They rarely leave their burrows, catching prey and withdrawing as quickly as possible. Some of these burrows have a side tubes, but it is not certain whether ''

Sinopesa ''Sinopesa'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becomin ...

'' builds burrows at all.

Genera

, the

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

accepts the following genera: *'' Amblyocarenum'' Simon, 1892 *''

Brachythele ''Brachythele'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before bec ...

'' Ausserer, 1871 — Europe, Cyprus *''

Calisoga ''Calisoga'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae, first described in 1937 by Ralph Vary Chamberlin Ralph Vary Chamberlin (January 3, 1879October 31, 1967) was an American biologist, ethnographer, and historian from Salt Lake City, U ...

'' Chamberlin, 1937 — United States *'' Chaco'' Tullgren, 1905 — Argentina, Uruguay, Chile *'' Chilelopsis'' Goloboff, 1995 — Chile *''

Damarchilus ''Damarchilus'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becom ...

'' Siliwal, Molur & Raven, 2015 *'' Diplothelopsis'' Tullgren, 1905 — Argentina *'' Flamencopsis'' Goloboff, 1995 — Chile *'' Gravelyia'' Mirza & Mondal, 2018 — India *''

Hermachura ''Hermachura'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before beco ...

'' Mello-Leitão, 1923 — Brazil *'' Iberesia'' Decae & Cardoso, 2006 — Africa, Europe *'' Longistylus'' Indicatti & Lucas, 2005 — Brazil *'' Lycinus'' Thorell, 1894 — Chile, Argentina, Brazil *'' Mexentypesa'' Raven, 1987 — Mexico *'' Nemesia'' Audouin, 1826 — Africa, Europe, Cuba, China *''

Neostothis ''Neostothis'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before beco ...

'' Vellard, 1925 — Brazil *''

Prorachias ''Prorachias'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before beco ...

'' Mello-Leitão, 1924 — Brazil *'' Psalistopoides'' Mello-Leitão, 1934 — Brazil *''

Pselligmus ''Pselligmus'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before beco ...

'' Simon, 1892 — Brazil *'' Rachias'' Simon, 1892 — Brazil, Argentina *''

Raveniola ''Raveniola'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becomi ...

'' Zonstein, 1987 — Asia *''

'' Raven & Schwendinger, 1995 — Asia Transferred to other families: *'' Acanthogonatus'' Karsch, 1880 → Pycnothelidae *'' Atmetochilus'' Simon, 1887 → Bemmeridae *''

Aname The spider genus ''Aname'' is endemic to Australia, with one species (''Aname tasmanica'') found only on Tasmania. It contains the ''black wishbone spider'', ''A. atra''. Spiders in this genus, together with the related and very similar genera ...

'' L. Koch, 1873 →

Anamidae Anamidae is a family of Australian mygalomorph spiders. It was first described as a tribe by Simon in 1889, then raised to the subfamily Anaminae of the family Nemesiidae, before being raised to a family level by Opatova et al. in 2020. Taxonom ...

*''

Bayana Bayana is a historical town and the headquarters of Bayana tehsil in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. Hindaun City is nearest city of Bayana - 33 km. It was the site of famous Important Battle of Bayana in 1527 between the Rajp ...

'' Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014 → Pycnothelidae *''

Chenistonia ''Chenistonia'' is a genus of spiders in the family Anamidae. It was first described in 1901 by Hogg. , it contains 8 species, all from Australia. Species ''Chenistonia'' comprises 8 species: *'' Chenistonia boranup'' Main, 2012 — Australia ...

'' Hogg, 1901 → Anamidae *'' Damarchus'' Thorell, 1891 → Bemmeridae *''

Entypesa ''Entypesa'' is a genus of African mygalomorph spiders in the family Entypesidae. It was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1902. Originally placed with the curtain-web spiders, it was transferred to the funnel-web trapdoor spiders in 1 ...

'' Simon, 1902 → Entypesidae *'' Hermacha'' Simon, 1889 → Entypesidae *''

Hesperonatalius ''Hesperonatalius'' is a genus of Australian mygalomorph spiders in the family Anamidae Anamidae is a family of Australian mygalomorph spiders. It was first described as a tribe by Simon in 1889, then raised to the subfamily Anaminae of the ...

'' Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 → Anamidae *'' Ixamatus'' Simon, 1887 → Microstigmatidae *''

Kiama Kiama () is a coastal town 120 kilometres south of Sydney in the Illawarra. One of the main tourist attractions is the Kiama Blowhole. Kiama features several popular surfing beaches and caravan parks, and numerous alfresco cafes and restaurants ...

'' Main & Mascord, 1969 → Microstigmatidae *''

Kwonkan ''Kwonkan'' is a genus of Australian tarantulas first described by Barbara York Main in 1983. It was originally assigned to Dipluridae, but was later assigned to Nemesiidae due to similarities to the genus '' Aname'', before being transferred to ...

'' Main, 1983 → Anamidae *'' Lepthercus'' Purcell, 1902 → Entypesidae *''

Namea ''Namea'' is a genus of spiders in the family Anamidae Anamidae is a family of Australian mygalomorph spiders. It was first described as a tribe by Simon in 1889, then raised to the subfamily Anaminae of the family Nemesiidae, before bein ...

'' Raven, 1984 → Anamidae *'' Pionothele'' Purcell, 1902 → Pycnothelidae *''

Proshermacha ''Proshermacha'' is a genus of mygalomorph spiders in the family Anamidae, first described by Eugène Simon Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spider ...

'' Simon, 1908 → Anamidae *'' Pycnothele'' Chamberlin, 1917 → Pycnothelidae *'' Spiroctenus'' Simon, 1889 → Bemmeridae *'' Stanwellia'' Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 → Pycnothelidae *'' Stenoterommata'' Holmberg, 1881 → Pycnothelidae *''

Swolnpes ''Swolnpes'' is a genus of spiders in the family Anamidae Anamidae is a family of Australian mygalomorph spiders. It was first described as a tribe by Simon in 1889, then raised to the subfamily Anaminae of the family Nemesiidae, before being ...

'' Main & Framenau, 2009 → Anamidae *''

Teyl ''Teyl'' is a genus of spiders in the family Anamidae. It is one of the genera that was placed in the former tribe Teylini (now included in the Anamidae).Main 2004 The type species is ''T. luculentus''. Description Species of this genus range fr ...

'' Main, 1975 → Anamidae *''

Teyloides ''Teyloides'' is a genus of spiders in the family Anamidae Anamidae is a family of Australian mygalomorph spiders. It was first described as a tribe by Simon in 1889, then raised to the subfamily Anaminae of the family Nemesiidae, before bein ...

'' Main, 1985 → Anamidae *'' Xamiatus'' Raven, 1981 → Microstigmatidae

Extinct genera

†'' Eodiplurina'' Petrunkevitch 1922

Florissant Formation The Florissant Formation is a sedimentary geologic formation outcropping around Florissant, Teller County, Colorado. The formation is noted for the abundant and exceptionally preserved insect and plant fossils that are found in the mudstones and ...

, United States,

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...

Description

Genera

Extinct genera

See also

References

External links

Further reading