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Lucien Tronchet
Lucien Tronchet (1902–1982) was a Swiss anarcho-syndicalist activist. An emblematic figure of trade unionism in Geneva, he took action alongside Italians, Italian anti-fascist refugees and Spanish people, Spanish libertarians during the Spanish Civil War. A convinced antimilitarist, he spent two times, in 1920 and 1940, in prison for "refusing to serve" in the Swiss Army. Biography He began to work at a very young age as an apprentice baker in Grenchen (Solothurn), before working in the building industry in Geneva. Revolutionary syndicalist In 1922, a conscientious objector, he was sentenced to 20 days in detention. It was at this time that he became friends with Luigi Bertoni, one of the major figures of the libertarian movement in Switzerland, who published ''Le Réveil anarchiste'', in Geneva, from 1900 to 1946. The same year, he founded, with five members of the group of the newspaper ''Le Réveil anarchiste'', the "Autonomous Syndicate of Masons and Maneuvers" before join ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyon
Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, northeast of Saint-Étienne. The City of Lyon proper had a population of 522,969 in 2019 within its small municipal territory of , but together with its suburbs and exurbs the Lyon metropolitan area had a population of 2,280,845 that same year, the second most populated in France. Lyon and 58 suburban municipalities have formed since 2015 the Metropolis of Lyon, a directly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of most urban issues, with a population of 1,411,571 in 2019. Lyon is the prefecture of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and seat of the Departmental Council of Rhône (whose jurisdiction, however, no longer extends over the Metropolis of Lyo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictionnaire Historique De La Suisse
The ''Historical Dictionary of Switzerland'' is an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland that aims to take into account the results of modern historical research in a manner accessible to a broader audience. The encyclopedia is published by a foundation under the patronage of the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW/ASSH) and the Swiss Historical Society (SGG-SHH) and is financed by national research grants. Besides a staff of 35 at the central offices, the contributors include 100 academic advisors, 2500 historians and 100 translators. Print edition The encyclopedia is published simultaneously in three of Switzerland's national languages: German (''Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz'', HLS, in red), French (''Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse'', DHS, in blue) and Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Action
Direct action originated as a political activist term for economic and political acts in which the actors use their power (e.g. economic or physical) to directly reach certain goals of interest, in contrast to those actions that appeal to others (e.g. authorities), by, for example, revealing an existing problem, highlighting an alternative, or demonstrating a possible solution. Both direct action and actions appealing to others can include nonviolent and violent activities that target persons, groups, or property deemed offensive to the action participants. Nonviolent direct action may include sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. By contrast, electoral politics, diplomacy, negotiation, and arbitration are not usually described as direct action since they are electorally mediated. Nonviolent actions are sometimes a form of civil disobedience and may involve a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minimum Wage
A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their employees—the price floor below which employees may not sell their labor. Most countries had introduced minimum wage legislation by the end of the 20th century. Because minimum wages increase the cost of labor, companies often try to avoid minimum wage laws by using gig workers, by moving labor to locations with lower or nonexistent minimum wages, or by automating job functions. The movement for minimum wages was first motivated as a way to stop the exploitation of workers in sweatshops, by employers who were thought to have unfair bargaining power over them. Over time, minimum wages came to be seen as a way to help lower-income families. Modern national laws enforcing compulsory union membership which prescribed minimum wages for their members were first passed in New Zealand in 1894. Although minimum wage laws are now in effect in many jurisdictions, differences of opinion exist about the benefit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wildcat Strike
The wildcat is a species complex comprising two small wild cat species: the European wildcat (''Felis silvestris'') and the African wildcat (''F. lybica''). The European wildcat inhabits forests in Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus, while the African wildcat inhabits semi-arid landscapes and steppes in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia, into western India and western China. The wildcat species differ in fur pattern, tail, and size: the European wildcat has long fur and a bushy tail with a rounded tip; the smaller African wildcat is more faintly striped, has short sandy-gray fur and a tapering tail; the Asiatic wildcat (''F. lybica ornata'') is spotted. The wildcat and the other members of the cat family had a common ancestor about 10–15 million years ago. The European wildcat evolved during the Cromerian Stage about 866,000 to 478,000 years ago; its direct ancestor was ''Felis lunensis''. The ''silvestris'' and ''lybica'' lineages probably diverged about 173,000 ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Syndicale Suisse
The Swiss Trade Union Federation (, SGB; ; , USS) is the largest national trade union center in Switzerland. History The federation was founded in 1880 and represents 361,000 members in its affiliated unions (2015). The SGB has close ties with the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SPS). Ruth Dreifuss, the former President of the Confederation, and former member of the Swiss Federal Council, was previously an SGB official. Affiliates Current affiliates The following unions are affiliated to the SGB: Former affiliates Presidents Since 1884, the SGB has had the following 27 presidents, one of which was a woman: :1884: Ludwig Witt :1886: Johann Kappes :1886: Ludwig Witt :1888: Albert Spiess :1888: Georg Preiss :1890: Rudolf Morf :1891: Conrad Conzett :1893: Eduard Hungerbühler :1894: Eduard Keel :1896: Lienhard Boksberger :1898: Alois Kessler :1900: Heinrich Schnetzler :1902: Niklaus Bill :1903: Karl Zingg :1909: Emile Ryser :1912: Oskar Schneeberger :1934: Robert Brat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Maitron
''Le Maitron'' is a set of labor movement biographical dictionaries compiled by historian Jean Maitron and his successor . Volumes * ''Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français ''Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français'' (''DBMOF'', "Biographical Dictionary of the French Workers' Movement") is a 44-volume set of biographical dictionaries of the French labor movement compiled by historian Jean Maitron ...'' (''DBMOF'', "Biographical Dictionary of the French Labor Movement") – a 44-volume set published 1964–1997 ** Later released on CD-ROM * '' Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier international'' (''DBMOI'', "Biographical Dictionary of the International Labor Movement") – 9-volume set, extending to locales beyond France * ''Dictionnaire biographique, mouvement ouvrier, mouvement social de 1940 à 1968'' (''DBMOMS'', "Biographical Dictionary, Labor Movement, Social Movement") References Further reading * * Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictionnaire Des Anarchistes
''Dictionnaire des anarchistes'' is a biographical dictionary of French anarchists published in 2014 within the '' Le Maitron'' series. Publication '' Le Maitron'' is a series of reference works: a 44-volume biographical dictionary of the French workers' movement, with additional volumes based on period, region (outside France), and theme. The ''Dictionnaire des anarchistes'', on the anarchists, is one such thematic volume. The work was originally conceived between historian , Radio Libertaire host Hugues Lenoir, and Maitron director in 2006 and compiled by libertarian (anarchist) historians and activists from Alternative libertaire, Anarchist Federation (France) ''Fédération Anarchiste'' (Anarchist Federation) is an anarchist federation in France, Belgium and Switzerland. It is a member of the International of Anarchist Federations since the latter's establishment in 1968. History The ''Fédér ..., , and Confédération nationale du travail. The work wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éditions De L'Atelier
The Éditions de l'Atelier is a French publishing house. University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle: Centre Audio Visuel & Informatique It was founded as Éditions Ouvrières in 1939. It was the brainchild of a library opened by the for the working class in Paris ten years earlier, in 1929, which started publishing books in 1930. The publishing house changed its name in 1993. It is headquartered in |
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