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Louis Étienne Ravaz
Louis Étienne Ravaz or Louis Ravaz ( Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas, Isère, 1863 — Montpellier, 1937) was a specialist of ampelography and one of the creators of modern viticulture. In 1892, he founded the grape research station of Cognac (French: Station viticole de Cognac), that he directed for several years. He was professor of viticulture (and from 1919 director) at the National School of Agriculture of Montpellier ( École nationale d’agriculture de Montpellier). He contributed to the diffusion of the use of the American varieties in the regions affected by French blight (Phylloxera) and investigated the pathologies of the grapevine. He published several works on viticulture. With Pierre Viala, he described the causes of the black-rot disease of grapevine and founded the "Revue de viticulture". He was the taxon author of: * ''Guignardia ''Guignardia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The genus name of ''Guignardia'' is in honour of Jean Louis Léon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas
* Louis Etienne Ravaz (born in Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas in 1863 — Montpellier, 1937), a specialist of ampelography and one of the creators of modern viticulture
Saint-Romain-de-Jalionas () is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Population See also * Communes of the Isère department The following is a list of the 512 Communes of France, communes in the French Departments of France, department of Isère. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 2020): References Communes of Isère[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montpellier
Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Hérault. In 2018, 290,053 people lived in the city, while its Functional area (France), metropolitan area had a population of 787,705.Comparateur de territoire INSEE, retrieved 20 June 2022. The inhabitants are called Montpelliérains. In the Middle Ages, Montpellier was an important city of the Crown of Aragon (and was the birthplace of James I of Aragon, James I), and then of Kingdom of Majorca, Majorca, before its sale to France in 1349. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the List of oldest univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ampelography
Ampelography ( ἄμπελος, "vine" + γράφος, "writing") is the field of botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapevines, ''Vitis'' spp. Traditionally this has been done by comparing the shape and colour of the vine leaves and grape berries; more recently the study of vines has been revolutionised by DNA fingerprinting. Early history The grape vine is an extremely variable species and some varieties, such as Pinot, mutate particularly frequently. At the same time, the wine and table grape industries have been important since ancient times, so large sums of money can depend on the correct identification of different varieties and clones of grapevines. The science of ampelography began seriously in the 19th century, when it became important to understand more about the different species of vine, as they had very different resistance to disease and pests such as phylloxera. Many vine identification books were published at this time, one of which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viticulture
Viticulture (from the Latin word for ''vine'') or winegrowing (wine growing) is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of ''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, ranges from Western Europe to the Iran, Persian shores of the Caspian Sea, the vine has demonstrated high levels of adaptability to new environments, hence viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Duties of the viticulturist include monitoring and controlling Pest (organism), pests and Plant pathology, diseases, fertilizer, fertilizing, irrigation (wine), irrigation, canopy (grape), canopy Glossary of viticultural terms#Canopy management, management, monitoring fruit development and Typicity, characteristics, deciding when to harvest (wine), harvest, and vine pruning during the winter months. Viticulturists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognac, France
Cognac (; Saintongese: ''Cougnat''; oc, Conhac ) is a commune in the Charente department, southwestern France. Administratively, the commune of Cognac is a subprefecture of the Charente department. Name The name is believed to be formed from individual masculine name -Connius, Gallic name, and the suffix -acum, which would correspond to the "domain of Connius". History The town of Cognac was unknown before the ninth century, when it was fortified. During the Hundred Years' War, the town continually changed sides, according to the tides of war. In 1526, it lent its name to the War of the League of Cognac, the military alliance established by King Francis I of France to fight against the House of Habsburg. As a benefit of the War League of Cognac, King Francis I granted to the town of Cognac the commercial right to participate in the salt trade conducted along the river, from which regional Cognac developed into a centre for the production of wine and brandy. In November 165 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Nationale D’agriculture De Montpellier
Institut Agro Montpellier (previously named as Montpellier SupAgro till 2020) is a French public institution devoted to higher education and research in Agriculture, Food and Environment. Montpellier SupAgro is widely open to international issues and partnerships, with specific focus and expertise on southern and Mediterranean areas. It trains students in most of the agronomy and life sciences fields. It is part of Agropolis Fondation. The Montpellier INRA research center is also located on ''la Gaillarde'' campus. It belongs to the , with Institut Agro Rennes-Angers and Institut Agro Dijon (previously École nationale supérieure de biologie appliquée à la nutrition et à l'Alimentation). History The ''École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier'' was founded in 1848. From 1842 to 1853, Césaire Nivière was the first director of the precursor to the school, L’Institut de la Saulsaie, set up on his own land in Montluel. He had visited Germany where he was ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great French Wine Blight
The Great French Wine Blight was a severe blight of the mid-19th century that destroyed many of the vineyards in France and laid waste to the wine industry. It was caused by an aphid that originated in North America and was carried across the Atlantic in the late 1850s. The actual genus of the aphid is still debated, although it is largely considered to have been a species of ''Daktulosphaira vitifoliae'', commonly known as grape phylloxera. While France is considered to have been worst affected, the blight also did a great deal of damage to vineyards in other European countries. How the ''Phylloxera'' aphid was introduced to Europe remains debated: American vines had been taken to Europe many times before, for reasons including experimentation and trials in grafting, without consideration of the possibility of the introduction of pestilence. While the ''Phylloxera'' was thought to have arrived around 1858, it was first recorded in France in 1863, in the former province of Langue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Viala
Pierre Viala (24 September 1859 in Lavérune – 11 February 1936) was a French scientist. In 1901–1910 he and Victor Vermorel published '' Ampélographie. Traité général de viticulture'', a seven-volume ampelography of 3,200 pages describing 5,200 grape varieties. He has been honoured in the naming of 2 taxa of fungi; '' Vialaea'' by Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1896 (Vialaeaceae family) ''Vialina'' by Mario Curzi in 1935, which is now a synonym of ''Phoma ''Phoma'' is a genus of common coelomycetous soil fungi. It contains many plant pathogenic species. Description Spores are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia are black and depressed in the tissues of the host. ''Phoma'' is arbitrarily lim ...'' . References 1859 births 1936 deaths 19th-century French botanists Members of the French Academy of Sciences 20th-century French botanists French viticulturists {{France-scientist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Rot (grape Disease)
Grape black rot is a fungal disease caused by an ascomycetous fungus, ''Guignardia bidwellii'', that attacks grape vines during hot and humid weather. “Grape black rot originated in eastern North America, but now occurs in portions of Europe, South America, and Asia. It can cause complete crop loss in warm, humid climates, but is virtually unknown in regions with arid summers.” The name comes from the black fringe that borders growing brown patches on the leaves. The disease also attacks other parts of the plant, “all green parts of the vine: the shoots, leaf and fruit stems, tendrils, and fruit. The most damaging effect is to the fruit”. Grape black rot affects many grape growers throughout the United States, therefore, it is important to understand the disease life cycle and environmental conditions to best manage the disease. Once infection takes place, different methods are available to control the disease. Disease cycle ] --> The disease cycle begins with the overw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guignardia
''Guignardia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The genus name of ''Guignardia'' is in honour of Jean Louis Léon Guignard (1852–1928), who was a French pharmacist and botanist. The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Pierre Viala and Louis Etienne Ravaz in Bull. Soc. Mycol. France vol.8, issue 63 on page 177 in 1892. Species *''Guignardia abeana'' *''Guignardia abietella-sibirica'' *''Guignardia acaciae'' *''Guignardia adeana'' *''Guignardia adianti'' *''Guignardia adriatica'' *''Guignardia aegyptiaca'' *''Guignardia aesculi'' *''Guignardia agerati'' *''Guignardia ahlesiana'' *''Guignardia ailanthi'' *''Guignardia aleuritis'' *''Guignardia alhagi'' *''Guignardia allamandae'' *''Guignardia alliacea'' *''Guignardia alnigena'' *''Guignardia alternantherae'' *''Guignardia alyxiae'' *''Guignardia amomi'' *''Guignardia anthurii'' *''Guignardia aphyllanthis'' *''Guignardia apiahyna'' *''Guignardia apocyni'' *''Guignardia arachidis'' *''Guigna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Foëx
Gustave Foëx (Gustave Louis Émile Foëx, born in Marseille in 1844 - died in 1906) was a French ampelographer and a colleague of Pierre Viala. Gustave Foex who was Director of the National School of Agriculture of Montpellier (French: École nationale d’agriculture de Montpellier, now known as Supagro) from 1881 to 1897 was a professor of viticulture here from 1870 to 1896 and he created the school vineyard in 1876 to test the American vine-stock's resistance to phylloxera). At the end of the 19th century, Montpellier was recognized to be THE European centre for studying vines, attracting both eminent researchers and viticulture specialists to the school. Works * Les vins américains : 1er rapport de la dégustation : 2ème rapport sur la composition des vins américains par M. J. Leenhardt-Pomier / M. Saintpierre et Foëx / Montpellier : impr.Centrale du Midi, 1875 * Programme des études pratiques de viticulture et d'ampélographie : 1° Rapport à M. le préfet de l'Hér ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Viala
Pierre Viala (24 September 1859 in Lavérune – 11 February 1936) was a French scientist. In 1901–1910 he and Victor Vermorel published '' Ampélographie. Traité général de viticulture'', a seven-volume ampelography of 3,200 pages describing 5,200 grape varieties. He has been honoured in the naming of 2 taxa of fungi; '' Vialaea'' by Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1896 (Vialaeaceae family) ''Vialina'' by Mario Curzi in 1935, which is now a synonym of ''Phoma ''Phoma'' is a genus of common coelomycetous soil fungi. It contains many plant pathogenic species. Description Spores are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia are black and depressed in the tissues of the host. ''Phoma'' is arbitrarily lim ...'' . References 1859 births 1936 deaths People from Hérault Democratic Republican Alliance politicians Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of Parliament for Hérault 19th-century French botanists 20th-century French b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
