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List Of Rulers Of Aq Qoyunlu
The Bayandurids or the Tur-'Alids ruled over the Aq Qoyunlu confederation, that was founded by Tur Ali bin Pehlwan (1340-1360 C.E.), and was followed by his son Qutlugh bin Tur Ali (1360-1378/79 C.E.) and his grandson Uthman Beg respectively, the founder of Aq Qoyunlu state. The dynasty originated around Diyarbakır and ruled the territory now part of present-day Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Their capital was the city of Tabriz after 1471-1472. They gained international significance under Uzun Hasan who became their greatest leader. He conquered the Qara Qoyunlu and defeated the Timurid Empire, thus adding significant portions of Iran to his kingdom. He eventually lost to the Ottoman Empire, weakening his kingdom. The kingdom was eventually absorbed into Safavid Iran. Aq Qoyunlu rulers *In letters from the Ottoman Sultans, when addressing the kings of Aq Qoyunlu, such titles as ar, ملك الملوك الأيرانية "Iranian King of Kings", ar, سلطان السلاطين الإي ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep). They were Persianate Turkoman Confederations of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Azerbaijan." SunniMichael M. Gunter, ''Historical dictionary of the Kurds'' (2010), p. 29 Turkoman tribal confederation founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg that ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1503, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan. History Etymology The name Aq Qoyunlu, literally meaning "hose withwhite sheep", is first mentioned in late 14th century sources. It has been suggested that this nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fereydun
use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = , death_cause = , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = , burial_place = , other_names = Afereydun(آفریدون) , known_for = Victory over Zahhak , spouse = Arnavaz Shahrnaz , partner = , children = Salm TurIraj , parents = , mother = Faranak , father = Abtin , relatives = Fereydun ( ae, 𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀, Θraētaona, pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭩𐭲𐭥𐭭, ; New Persian: , ''Fereydūn/Farīdūn'') is an Iranian mythical king and hero from the Pishdadian dynasty. He is known as an emblem of victory, justice, and generosity in Persian literature. According to Abolala Soudavar, Fereydun is partially a reflection of Cyrus the Great (), the first Achaemenid King of Kings. Etymology All of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaqub Bin Uzun Hasan
Yaqub b. Uzun Hasan ( fa, یعقوب بن اوزون حسن) or Abū al-Muẓaffar Yaʿqūb Bahādur Ḫān, commonly known as Sultan Ya'qub ( fa, سلطان یعقوب; az, Sultan Yaqub ) was the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1478 until his death in 24 December 1490. A son of Uzun Hasan, he became the ruler of the dynasty after the death of his brother Sultan Khalil. The borders of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty remained stable during his reign. In his book '' Alam-Aray-i Amini'', Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani praised him as a decent successor of Uzun Hasan. Other historians also praised Ya'qub for his patronage of scientists and poets. Reign At the outset of his reign, Ya'qub faced a revolt from the Bayandur princes Alwand Beg and Kusa Haji in Shiraz and Isfahan respectively, but both revolts were crushed. The biggest revolt during his reign was that of Shaykh Haydar, the father of Ismail I, which resulted in the death of Haydar. In 1480, Qaitbay, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, sent an army u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Khalil
Sultan Khalil Mirza ( az, Sultan Xəlil, ; fa, سلطان خلیل) was a sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu State, ruling from 6 January 1478 to July 1478. Life He was son of Uzun Hasan and Seljuk Shah Khatun. He was appointed as the governor of the Persian province during his princely years. He took power when his father, Uzun Hasan, passed away on January 6, 1478. In his early years, he had a fight with his brothers and uncle in the throne. He captured his younger half-brother Maqsud Beg (son of Despina Khatun) and executed him. His other younger full brothers Yaqub Beg and Yusuf Beg were exiled. In the same year, he defeated his uncle Murat Bey Bayandur and reached the height of his power. On the order of Sultan Yaqub, H. 14 Rebiül was executed (June 15, 1478) on a Monday. His half-bother Ughurlu Muhammad was take by Otoman Sultan Mehmed II and married his daughter Gevherhan Hatun. Their son Ahmad Beg Ahmad Göde or Gövde Ahmad ( az, Gödək Əhməd; fa, احمد گوده; tr, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jahangir (Aq Qoyunlu)
Jahangir was the uncontested leader of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1444 to 1454, but afterwards fell into a dynastic struggle with his younger brother Uzun Hasan Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan ( اوزون حسن; fa, اوزون حسن; 1423 – January 6, 1478; where ''uzun'' means "tall" in Oghuz Turkic) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Ha ..., who by 1457 had defeated him and assumed full power over the confederation. Jahangir later died in 1469. References Sources * * * * * {{Aq Qoyunlu leaders Aq Qoyunlu rulers 1469 deaths 15th-century monarchs in the Middle East Leaders ousted by a coup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamza Beg (Aq Qoyunlu)
Gamzat-bek ( Avar: ХIамзат Бек, Chechen: Хьамзат Бек, ''Гамзат-бек'' in Russian), Hamza-Bek, Hamza Bek ibn Ali Iskandar Bek al-Hutsali (1789 — October 1(September 19), 1834) was the second imam of the Caucasian Imamate, who succeeded Ghazi Mollah upon his death in 1832. Gamzat-bek was a son of one of the Avar beks. He was educated under the supervision of Muslim preachers and became an avid follower of a sufi order. In August 1834, Gamzat-bek launched an assault on Avar khans, who had been supporting the Russian Empire government and who had been hostile towards the sufism movement. He succeeded in capturing the Avar capital of Khunzakh and executed its female ruler Pakhubike and her sons. Within the next eighteen months, Gamzat-bek had been actively fighting against the Russian Empire. The supporters of the Avar khans, including Hadji Murad, conspired against Gamzat-bek and killed him (Leo Tolstoy's story '' Hadji Murat'' is based on this event). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Beg (Aq Qoyunlu)
Jalal ad-Din Ali ibn Qara Yoluq Osman ( fa, علی بن قرا یولک عثمان), or Ali Beg ( az, Əli bəy/علی بیگ) was the sixth ''bey'' of the Turkoman tribal federation of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1435 to 1438. Life Jalal ad-Din Ali ibn Qara Yoluq Osman was born into the Bayandur tribe of the Aq Qoyunlu confederation. He was the third son of Uthman Beg (1350–1435), the leader of the Aq Qoyunlu. He married his cousin, Sara Khatun. They had seven sons and one daughter, including Uzun Hasan and Jahangir Mirza, as well as Khadija Begum, who later married Shaykh Junayd of the Safavid dynasty. In 1435, after the death of his father in the Battle of Erzurum, Ali became the new ruler of Aq Qoyunlu, since his two older brothers had already died at that time. The Timurid crown prince Muhammad Juki had recognized Ali Beg the ruler of Âmid (modern-day Diyarbakır) and as the ''bey'' of the Aq Qoyunlu. However, Ali encountered the opposition of his brothers, uncles, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara Yülük Osman
Uthman Beg or Osman Beg ( az, Qara Yuluq Osman Bəy; tr, Kara Yülük Osman Bey; 1356 – 1435) was a late 14th and early 15th-century leader of the Turkoman tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu in what is now eastern Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan and Iraq. Name He was born Baha-ud-Din Osman and was later given the nickname Qara Iluk or Qara Yuluk meaning ''The Black Leech''. However, John E. Woods argues that this interpretation is doubtful since "leech" in modern Turkish is ''sülük'', not ''yülük'', which means cleanshaven or smooth. Early life Uthman Beg was the son of Fakhr-ud-Din Qutlugh, likely by his Greek wife, Maria, sister of Alexios III of Trebizond. He is estimated to have been born 1356. According to Byzantine and Aq Qoyunlu sources, he later married his maternal cousin, a daughter of Alexios III and his consort Theodora Kantakouzene. He was afraid of the intentions of his brothers, Ahmed and Pir Ali when they joined Kadi Burhan al-Din of Sivas. He eventually kill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Bin Qutlugh
Ahmad ibn Kutlug (died 1403), was the third bey of the Aq Qoyunlu confederation (1389-1403). Biography Ahmad was the eldest of the four sons of Fakhr ud-Din Qutlug-Bey and Despina Khatun. In 1379, he was sent by his father to Erzincan to fend off an Eretnid attack by the sultan Ala al-Din Ali. The alliance was later sealed with a marriage between Ahmed's daughter and the Bey of Erzincan, Mutahhartan. Following this, Ahmad attacked Sivas killing a general of the Eretnid Qadi Burhaneddin. Unable to capture the city, he had to withdraw. In 1388, Ahmad pledged his loyalty to Burhaneddin, leaving his brother Kara Usman in Sivas as a hostage. Ahmad had assumed the military leadership of the Aq Qoyunlu about ten years before his father, Qutlug-Bey's death. After the death of his father in 1389, Mutahhartan, with the backing of the Kara Koyunlu, broke their treaty. After losing a number of military encounters, Ahmed was forced to seek protection with Burhaneddin in Sivas. In alliance w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
