Ahmad ibn Kutlug (died 1403), was the third bey of the

Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (Wh ...

confederation (1389-1403).

Biography

Ahmad was the eldest of the four sons of Fakhr ud-Din Qutlug-Bey and Despina Khatun. In 1379, he was sent by his father to

Erzincan Erzincan (; ku, Erzîngan), historically Yerznka ( hy, Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in Eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is ...

to fend off an

Eretnid The Eretnids ( tr, Eretna Beyliği) were an Anatolian beylik that succeeded the Ilkhanid governors in Anatolia and that ruled in a large region extending between Caesarea ( Kayseri), Sebastea (Sivas) and Amaseia (Amasya) in Central Anatolia betwe ...

attack by the sultan Ala al-Din Ali. The alliance was later sealed with a marriage between Ahmed's daughter and the Bey of Erzincan, Mutahhartan. Following this, Ahmad attacked

Sivas Sivas (Latin and Greek: ''Sebastia'', ''Sebastea'', Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή, ) is a city in central Turkey and the seat of Sivas Province. The city, which lies at an elevation of in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak river, is a ...

killing a general of the Eretnid Qadi Burhaneddin. Unable to capture the city, he had to withdraw. In 1388, Ahmad pledged his loyalty to Burhaneddin, leaving his brother Kara Usman in Sivas as a hostage. Ahmad had assumed the military leadership of the Aq Qoyunlu about ten years before his father, Qutlug-Bey's death. After the death of his father in 1389, Mutahhartan, with the backing of the

Kara Koyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu ( az, Qaraqoyunlular , fa, قره قویونلو), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, En ...

, broke their treaty. After losing a number of military encounters, Ahmed was forced to seek protection with Burhaneddin in Sivas. In alliance with Burhaneddin, he made campaigns against the rebellious vassals of Tokat and Amasia. At the same time, Ahmad managed to become the sole ruler of Aq Qoyunlu. In 1395, together with Qadi Burhaneddin, he attacked Erzincan, which was captured and plundered. Ahmad was given the city and territory including

Bayburt Bayburt () is a city in northeast Turkey lying on the Çoruh River and is the provincial capital of Bayburt Province. According to the 2021 census the population is determined as around 82,274. Bayburt was once an important center on the ancient ...

. In 1396, Kara Usman rebelled against Ahmad. Ahmad lost Burhaneddin's favor after fleeing Erzincan when he received word of

Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...

's approach. By 1403, Ahmad, considered a common outlaw, was imprisoned by Kara Usman.

References

Sources

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Qutlugh, Ahmed bin Aq Qoyunlu rulers Oghuz Turks 1403 deaths 14th-century monarchs in Asia Year of birth unknown